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Numerical and regression analysis of Cu-nanoparticles flows in distinct base fluids through a symmetric non-uniform channel

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Abstract

This article demonstrates the heat enhancement of nanofluid flow in a stretched non-uniform channel by the suspension of Cu-nanoparticles in various base fluids such as water, engine oil, ethylene glycol, and kerosene. Guided by appropriate similarity transformations, the formulated expressions are non-dimensionalized and tackled numerically by adopting spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM). To check the convergence of the computational results, a comparison has been done and an admirable agreement has been noticed with the published results in limiting cases. Computational results are presented graphically for the various physical constraints such as Reynolds number, stretching parameter, Hartman number, Prandtl number, nanoparticle volume fraction, and angle of the channel. A method of multiple regression through data points is presented to study the role of numerous parameters on skin friction and rate of heat transmission along the stretchable walls. It is worth mentioning that the higher heat transmission rate is noticed in divergent channel case compared to the case of convergent channel. The augmentation of heat transmission is attained maximum for kerosene-based Cu-nanoparticles and minimum for water-based Cu-nanoparticles.

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Abbreviations

\(U_{_{C} }\) :

Centerline velocity \(\left( {\mathrm{ms}^{-1}} \right) \)

\(T_{_{W} }\) :

Temperature of the channel wall \(\left( K \right) \)

\(U_{_{W} }\) :

Velocity of the channel wall \(\left( {\mathrm{ms}^{-1}} \right) \)

\(\mu _{nf}\) :

Dynamic viscosity of nanofluid \((1\,kgm^{-1}s^{-1})\)

\(\rho _{nf}\) :

Density of nanofluid \(\left( {\mathrm{kgm}^{-3}} \right) \)

\(\alpha \) :

Angle of the channel

\(\sigma _{nf}\) :

Electric conductivity of nanofluid \(\left( {s\mathrm{m}^{-1}} \right) \)

\(k_{nf}\) :

Thermal conductivity of nanofluid \(\left( {\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{mK}} \right) \)

\(\left( {\rho cp} \right) _{nf}\) :

Heat capacity of the nanofluid

\(\phi \) :

Volume fraction of nanoparticles

\(\mu _{f}\) :

Base fluid viscosity \(\left( {\mathrm{ms}^{-1}} \right) \)

\(k_{f},k_{s}\) :

Thermal conductivity of base fluid and nanoparticles \(\left( {\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{mK}} \right) \)

\(\rho _{f},\rho _{s} \) :

Densities of base fluid and nanoparticles \(\left( {\mathrm{kgm}^{-3}} \right) \)

\(\sigma _{f},\sigma _{s}\) :

Electric conductivity of base fluid and nanoparticles \(\left( {\mathrm{sm}^{-1}} \right) \)

\(\hbox {Re} =\frac{U_{C} \alpha }{\nu _{F} }\) :

Reynolds number

\(\Pr =\frac{\left( {\rho c_{p} } \right) _{f} U_{C} }{k_{nf}}\) :

Prandtl number

\(Ha=\,\sqrt{\frac{\sigma _{F} B_{0}^{2}}{\mu _{F} }}\) :

Hartmann number

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

    B. Mallikarjuna

  2. Department of Mathematics, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India

    S. Ramprasad

  3. Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan

    S. A. Shehzad & R. Ayyaz

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  1. B. Mallikarjuna
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  3. S. A. Shehzad
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Correspondence to S. A. Shehzad.

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Mallikarjuna, B., Ramprasad, S., Shehzad, S.A. et al. Numerical and regression analysis of Cu-nanoparticles flows in distinct base fluids through a symmetric non-uniform channel. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 231, 557–569 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00400-w

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