Skip to main content
Log in

Study of the isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions of natural indium induced by bremsstrahlungs with end-point energies in the giant dipole resonance region

  • Physics of Elementary Particles and Atomic Nuclei. Experiment
  • Published:
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have determined the isomeric ratios in 113In(γ, n)112m,gIn and 113In(γ, 2n)111m,gIn photonuclear reactions of natural indium induced by bremsstrahlungs with end-point energies in the giant dipole resonance (GDR) region. The investigated samples were irradiated at the electron accelerator Microtron MT-25 of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna. The gamma spectra of the samples irradiated were measured with a spectroscopic system consisting of an 8192-channel analyzer and a high-energy resolution (180 keV at gamma ray 1332 keV of 60Co) HP(Ge) semiconductor detector Canberra. The GENIE2000 (Canberra) computer program was used for data processing. The results were discussed and compared with those of other authors. For both the mentioned reactions, the isomeric ratios in the bremsstrahlung energy range from 19 to 24 MeV in this work are new measurements.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. R. Huizenga and R. Vandenbosch, “Interpretation of isomeric cross section ratios for (n, γ) and (γ, n) reactions,” Phys. Rev. 120, 1306 (1960).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. J. R. Huizenga and R. Vandenbosch, “Isomeric cross section ratios for reactions producing the isomeric pair Hg197,197m,” Phys. Rev. 120, 1313 (1960).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. H. Bartsch, K. Huber, U. Kneissl, and H. Krieger, “Critical consideration of the statistcal model analysis of photonuclear isomeric cross section ratios,” Nucl. Phys. A 256, 243 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. N. Tsoneva, Ch. Stoyanov, Yu. P. Gangrsky, V. Yu. Ponomarev, N. P. Balabanov, and A. P. Tonchev, “Population of isomers in the decay of the giant dipole resonance,” Phys. Rev. C 61, 044303 (2000).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. D. Kolev and J. Ernest, “The role of angular-momentum removal in photonuclear reactions as deduced from the isomeric ratios for 120m,gSb and 117m,gIn,” Phys. G. Nucl. Part. Phys. 24, 589 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. D. Kolev and E. Dobreva, et al., “A convenient method for experimental determination of yields and isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions measured by the activation technique,” Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 365(2–3), 390 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. W. B. Walters, et al., “Photonuclear reactions above the giant resonance: ratios of (γ, 2n) to (γ, pn) yield in 50Cr, 54Fe, 89Y and 92Mo,” Nucl. Phys. A 157, 73 (1970).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. N. V. Do, P. D. Khue, et al., “Isomeric yield ratios in the photoproduction of 52m,gMn from natural iron using 50-, 60-, 70-MeV, and 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung,” Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 283, 683–690 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. N. V. Do, M. D. Shakilur Rahman, K. S. Kim, et al., “Measurement of isomeric yield ratios for the 44m,gSc isomeric pairs produced from 45Sc and natTi targets at 50-, 60-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlungs,” Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 283, 813–820 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  10. K. S. Kim, M. D. Shakilur Rahman, et al., “Measurement of isomeric yield ratios for 93Nb(γ, 4n)89m,gNb and natMo(γ, xn 4p)95m,gNb reactions with 50-, 60-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlung,” Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 287, 869–877 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S. A. Karamian, C. B. Collins, J. J. Carroll, and J. Adam, “Isomeric to ground state ratio in the 180Tam(γ, γ′) 93Ta180m,g reaction,” Phys. Rev. C 57(4), 1812 (1998).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. V. Avrigeanu, S. Sudar, M. Buczko, J. Csikai, A. A. Filatenkov, S. V. Chuvaev, R. Do’czi, V. Semkova, and V. A. Zelenetsky, “Energy dependence of the isomeric cross section ratio in the 58Ni(n,p)58m,gCo reactions,” Phys. Rev. C 60, 017602 (1999).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. I. Tomandl, J. Honzátko, T. von Egidy, H. F. Wirth, T. Belgya, M. Lakatos, L. Szentmiklósi, Zs. Révay, G. L. Molnár, R. B. Firestone, and V. Bondarenko, “Thermal neutron capture cross sections of tellurium isotopes,” Phys. Rev. C (8), 607602 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  14. S. Sudar and S. M. Qaim, “Isomeric cross-section ratio for the formation of 58m,gCo in neutron, proton, deuteron, and alpha-particle induced reactions in the energy region up to 25 MeV,” Phys. Rev. C 53(6), 2885 (1996).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Hilgers, S. Sudar, and S. M. Qaim, “Formation of the isomeric pairs 139m,gNd and 141m,gNd and in proton and 3He-particles induced nuclear reactios,” Phys. Rev. C (76), 064601 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. Agarwal, I. A. Rizvi, and A. K. Chaubey, “Excitation function studies of alpha induced reactions for niobium and preequilibrium effects,” Phys. Rev. C 65, 034605 (2002).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. M. Daugas, R. Grzywacz, J. C. Angelique, L. Axelsson, C. Borcea, C. Longour, and G. Neyens, “Interplay between angular momentum transfer and nuclear structure in the production of isomers at intermediate energies,” Phys. Rev. C 63, 064609 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Genevey, F. Ibrahim, J. A. Pinston, H. Faust, T. Friedrichs, M. Gross, and S. Oberstedt, “Identification of ms isomers in the fission products of 241Pu (nth, f),” Phys. Rev. C (1), 59 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  19. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, N. T. Khai, P. V. Cuong, N. T. Vinh, Iu. P. Gangrski, Iu. E. Penhionzkevich, G. V. Mishinski, and V. I. Zemenhik, “The isomeric ratio of fragment 135Xe from photofission of 233U induced by 23.5 MeV bremsstrahlung,” Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 285(3), 511 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. T. D. Thiep, H. D. Luc, and T. T. An, “Isomeric yield ratios in production of 142m,gSm … by 14 MeV neutrons and 15–20 MeV bremsstrahlungs,” Bulg. J. Phys. 2(114), 152 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  21. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, D. A. Minh, N. T. Khai, H. D. Luc, and D. Kolev, “Studies of isomeric ratios in the photonuclear reactions, induced by bremsstrahlung in the energy range from 15 to 20.5 MeV,” Preprint of JINR, Dubna, USSR, 1989, E15-89-44.

    Google Scholar 

  22. T. D. Thiep, N. V. Do, T. T. An, and N. N. Son, “Nuclear reactions with 14 MeV neutrons and bremsstrahlung in Gian Dipole Resonance (GDR) region using small accelerators,” Nucl. Phys. A (722), 569 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  23. T. D. Thiep, T.T. An, N. T. Vinh, P. V. Cuong, A. G. Belov, O. D. Maslov, and T. T. T. My, “Experimental study and theoretical consideration of the isomeric ratio in photonuclear reaction Au197(γ, n) Au196m,g in giant dipole resonance region,” Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 3(4), (133), 7 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  24. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, N. T. Vinh, P. V. Cuong, A. G. Belov, O. D. Maslov, and T. T. T. My, “Study of the isomeric ratio of (γ, p) photonuclear reactions with isotopes 9240 Zr and 18374 W in the giant dipole resonance region,” Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 4(5), (141), 668 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  25. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, N. T. Khai, N. T. Vinh, P. V. Cuong, A. G. Belov, and O. D. Maslov, “The isomeric ratios in some photonuclear reactions (γ, n),(γ, p), (γ, 2n) and (γ, np) induced by bremsstrahlungs with end-point energies in the giant dipole resonance region,” Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 6(2), (151), 209 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  26. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, N. T. Khai, P. V. Cuong, and N. T. Vinh, “The isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions of natural strontium induced by bremsstrahlungs in the giant dipole resonance region and by 65 MeV bremsstrahlung,” Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 286(1), 161 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, N. T. Khai, P. V. Cuong, N. T. Vinh, A. G. Belov, and O. D. Maslov, “The isomeric ratios in photonuclear of natural tellurium induced by bremsstrahlungs with endpoint energies reactions in the giant dipole resonance region,” Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 289(2), 637 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, P. V. Cuong, N. T. Vinh, and A. G. Belov, “Study of the isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions of natural holmium and lutetium induced bremsstrahlungs with endpoint energies in the giant dipole resonance region,” Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 290(2), 515 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, P. V. Cuong, and N. T. Vinh, “The isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions of natural barium induced by bremsstrahlungs with endpoint energies in the giant dipole resonance region,” Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 292, 89 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. N. V. Do, P. D. Khue, K. T. Thanh, T. D. Thiep, P. V. Duan, Y. S. Lee, G. N. Kim, Y. Oh, H. S. Lee, H. Kang, M. H. Cho, I. S. Ko, and W. Namkung, “Measurement of isomeric cross-section ratios for the 45Sc(γ, n) 44m,gSc, natTi(γ, x)44m,gTi, 103Rh(γ, 4n)99m,gRh and natFe(γ, x)52m,gMn reaction induced by 65 MeV bremsstrahlung,” Korean Phys. Soc. 50(2), 417 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. N. A. Demekhina, et al., “Analysis of isomeric ratios in (γ, n) and (γ, p) reactions around giant resonance energies,” Atomic Energy 65(2), 365 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  32. S. R. Palvanov and O. Razhabov, “Isomeric yield ratios in photonuclear reactions at at 25 and 30 MeV,” Atomic Energy 87(1), 533 (1999) [in Russian].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. V. A. Zheltonozskij, V. M. Mazur, Z. M. Bigan, and D. M. Simochko, “Study of the isomeric yield ratios in (γ, n) reactions for 109Pd and 112In in giant dipole resonance region,” Phys. of Atomic Nuclei 21(2), 37 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  34. V. M. Mazur, Z. M. Bigan, and D. M. Smochko, “Excitation of the isomeric states of nuclei 109Pd and 112In in (γ, n) reactions,” Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett. 5(4), (146), 628 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  35. C. M. Lederer and V. S. Shirley, Table of Isotopes, 7th Edn. (Wiley, New York, 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  36. R. B. Firestone, Table of Isotopes, CD ROM Edn., Version 1.0 (Wiley-Interscience., New York, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  37. A. G. Belov, et al., “Microtron MT-25,” Preprint of JINR, 1993, D15-93-80, Dubna, Russia.

    Google Scholar 

  38. P. Roetzer, “Measurement of (n, 2n) reaction cross-section and investigation of spin distributions on both Indium isotopes,” Nucl. Phys. A 109, 694 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. S. M. Qaim, Handbook of Spectroscopy (CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, 1981), p. 141.

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Luo, X. Xu, et al., “Activation cross sections and isomeric cross section ratios for the (n,2n) reactions on Lu175, Pt198 and Se82 from 13.5 to 14.6 MeV,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 265, 453 (2007).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. S. M. Qaim, A. Mushtaq, and M. Uhl, “Isomeric cross section ratio for the formation of 73m,gSe in various nuclear processes,” Phys. Rev. C 38(2), 645 (1988).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. S. Costa, “Photonuclear study of the isomeric ratio in Se38, Zr89 and Mo91 above the giant resonance,” Nucl. Phys. 72, 158 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. R. P. Venugopala and R. W. Fink, “Neutron reaction cross sections of selenium and iron at 14.4 MeV,” Phys. Rew. 154(4), 1023 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. T. D. Thiep, T. T. An, N. T. Khai, P. V. Cuong, N. T. Vinh, A. G. Belov, and O. D. Maslov, “Study of the isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions of natural selenium induced by bremsstrahlungs with endpoint energies in the giant gipole resonance region,” Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 292(3), 1035 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. B. L. Berman, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 15, 1975, pp. 319–390.

    Google Scholar 

  46. K. N. Mukhin, Experimental Nuclear Physics (Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  47. S. M. Qaim, S. Sudar, et al., “Influence of reaction channel on the isomeric cross-section ratio,” Radiochim. Acta 93, 503 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. M. G. Davidov, B. G. Magera, and A. B. Treuhov, ”Isomeric yield ratios (cross-sections) of photonuclear reactions,” Atomic Energy 62(4), 236 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  49. D. Kolev, “Studies of some isomeric yield ratios produced with bremsstrahlung,” Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49(8), 89 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. M. S. Rahman, K. S. Kim, M. Lee, G. Kim, et al., “Measurement of isomeric yield ratios in natIn and natSn with 50, 60 and 70 MeV bremsstrahlung photon,” Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 268, 13 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. L. Z. Dzhilavyan, V. L. Kauts, V. I. Furman, and A. Yu. Chuprikov, “Some problems of the population of isomeric states,” Phys. of Atomic Nuclei 51, 215 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  52. J. Carver, et al., “Isomeric (γ, n) cross section ratios and the spin dependence of the nuclear level density,” Nucl. Phys. 37, 449 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

The article is published in the original.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Thiep, T.D., An, T.T., Cuong, P.V. et al. Study of the isomeric ratios in photonuclear reactions of natural indium induced by bremsstrahlungs with end-point energies in the giant dipole resonance region. Phys. Part. Nuclei Lett. 10, 340–348 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477113040134

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477113040134

Keywords

Navigation