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An Atom-Economic Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridazines via Multicomponent Reactions Under Pressure and Ultrasonication

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Abstract

A three-component reaction of 1 mol of arylhydrazonals with 2 mol of an active methylene compound is realized under pressure to obtained novel functionalized pyridazines with a 96% atom economy. The reaction of arylhydrazonals with active methylene compounds under pressure, ultrasound irradiation, and conventional heating is studied, and the reactions yields, and times are compared. The developed protocol is characterized by environmental friendliness, the use of low-cost catalysts and available starting materials, short reaction times, and high yields, and involves no column chromatography. The reaction offers up to a 96% atom economy and a 100% carbon capture.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (grant no. 2-363-36-RG), and the authors express their gratitude to the DSR for technical and financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    K. M. Al-Zaydi, M. A. Al-Solami & N. S. Basudan

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences–AL Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, 21533, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    K. M. Al-Zaydi, M. A. Al-Solami & N. S. Basudan

  3. Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 11511, Cairo, Egypt

    M. H. Elnagdi

  4. Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, 11571, Cairo, Egypt

    N. M. H. Elnagdi

Authors
  1. K. M. Al-Zaydi
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  2. M. A. Al-Solami
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  3. N. S. Basudan
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  4. M. H. Elnagdi
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  5. N. M. H. Elnagdi
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Correspondence to K. M. Al-Zaydi.

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Al-Zaydi, K.M., Al-Solami, M.A., Basudan, N.S. et al. An Atom-Economic Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridazines via Multicomponent Reactions Under Pressure and Ultrasonication. Russ J Org Chem 57, 1309–1320 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S107042802108011X

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S107042802108011X

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