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Energy and Mass Dependencies for the Characteristics of pT Regions Observed at LHC Energies

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Abstract

The \({{p}_{{\text{T}}}}\) distributions of the K0- and ϕ-mesons produced in the \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt s = 2.76\) TeV have been analyzed by fitting them using the exponential function. It was observed that the distributions contain several \({{p}_{{\text{T}}}}\) regions similar to the cases with the charged particles, \({{\pi }^{0}}\)-and η-mesons produced in the same events. These regions could be characterized using three variables: the length of the region \(L_{K}^{c}\) and free fitting parameters \(a_{K}^{c}\) and \(b_{K}^{c}\). It was observed that the values of the parameters as a function of energy grouped around certain lines and there are jump-like changes. These observations together with the effect of existing the several \({{p}_{T}}\) regions can say on discrete energy dependencies for the \(L_{K}^{c}\), \(a_{K}^{c}\) and \(b_{K}^{c}\). The lengths of the regions increase with the mass of the particles. This increase gets stronger with energy. The mass dependencies of the parameters \(a_{K}^{c}\) and \(b_{K}^{c}\) show a regime change at a mass \( \simeq \,500\,\,{{{\text{MeV}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{MeV}}} {{{c}^{2}}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {{{c}^{2}}}}\). According to the phenomenology of string theory, these results could be explained by two processes occurring simultaneously: string hadronization and string breaking. In the experiment we can only measure the spectrum of the hadronized particles, since we cannot access the spectrum of the strings themselves. The string breaking effect could be a signal of string formations and the reason behind the observation of several \({{p}_{{\text{T}}}}\) regions and the jump-like changes for the characteristics of the regions.

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Notes

  1. The result was obtained by fitting the distributions, taking into account the errors in both axes (it was used the ROOT soft, version 5.34/02, 21st September 2012) how they are presented on the sites of hepdata. The \({{p}_{{\text{T}}}}\) distributions were fitted by the exponential function (\(y = a_{K}^{c}{{e}^{{b_{K}^{c}{{p}_{{\text{T}}}}}}}\), \(a_{K}^{c}\) and \(b_{K}^{c}\) are free fitting parameters,upper indexes c (see Table I) show the type of event to which the region applies and lower ones \(K\) (\(K = {\text{I}}\) for the first region, \(K = {\text{II}}\) for the second one etc.) indicate the number of the region) in the intervals of \({{p}_{{\text{T}}}}\) between: \(p_{{\text{T}}}^{{\min }}{\kern 1pt} - {\kern 1pt} p_{{\text{T}}}^{{\max }}\), here the \(p_{{\text{T}}}^{{\min }}\) and \(p_{{\text{T}}}^{{\max }}\) are the minimum and the maximum values of \({{p}_{{\text{T}}}}\), obtained as a result of variation of \({{p}_{{\text{T}}}}\) values to get the best fitting results. The values of \({{p}_{{\text{T}}}}\) for the boundaries of the regions for fitting \(J_{K}^{c}\) are marked for \({\text{I}}\) and \({\text{II}}\) regions as \(J_{{{\text{I}} - {\text{II}}}}^{c}\), for II and III ones as \(J_{{{\text{II}} - {\text{III}}}}^{c}\) and for III and IV regions as \(J_{{{\text{III}} - {\text{IV}}}}^{c}\). The values of the \(J_{K}^{c}\) were used to calculate the lengths of the regions \(L_{K}^{c}\) as \(L_{{\text{I}}}^{c} = J_{{\text{I}}}^{c}\); \(L_{{{\text{II}}}}^{c} = J_{{{\text{II}} - {\text{III}}}}^{c} - J_{{{\text{I}} - {\text{II}}}}^{c}\) and \(L_{{{\text{III}}}}^{c} = J_{{{\text{III}} - {\text{VI}}}}^{c} - J_{{{\text{II}} - {\text{III}}}}^{c}\).

  2. The data for the charged particles were taken from [7] and the ones for the \({{\pi }^{0}}\)- and η-mesons were done from [2].

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  1. Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan

    M. Suleymanov

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Suleymanov, M. Energy and Mass Dependencies for the Characteristics of pT Regions Observed at LHC Energies. Phys. Part. Nuclei 54, 693–702 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063779623040305

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