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Divergent Impact of Actin Isoforms on Division of Epithelial Cells

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Abstract

We investigated distribution and functions of beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic actins (CYAs) at different stages of non-neoplastic epithelial cell division using laser scanning microscopy (LSM). Here, we demonstrated that beta- and gamma-CYAs are spatially segregated in the early prophase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments revealed that in both beta-CYA- and gamma-CYA-depleted cells, the number of cells was significantly reduced compared with the siRNA controls. Beta-CYA depletion resulted in an enlargement of the cell area in metaphase and high percentage of polynuclear cells compared with the siRNA control, indicating a potential failure of cytokinesis. Gamma-CYA depletion resulted in a reduced percentage of mitotic cells. We also observed the interdependence between the actin isoforms and the microtubule system in mitosis: (i) a decrease in the gamma-CYA led to impaired mitotic spindle organization; (ii) suppression of tubulin polymerization caused impaired beta-CYA reorganization, as incubation with colcemid blocked the transfer of short beta-actin polymers from the basal to the cortical compartment. We conclude that both actin isoforms are essential for proper cell division, but each isoform has its own specific functional role in this process.

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Abbreviations

CYA:

cytoplasmic actin

LSM:

laser scanning microscopy

siRNA:

small interfering RNA

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects nos. 18-29-09082, 18-34-00047) and by the Lomonosov Moscow State University development program (PNR 5.13).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia

    G. S. Shagieva, I. B. Alieva & V. B. Dugina

  2. Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435, Moscow, Russia

    I. B. Alieva

  3. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland

    C. Chaponnier

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  1. G. S. Shagieva
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  2. I. B. Alieva
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  4. V. B. Dugina
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Correspondence to I. B. Alieva.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest in financial or any other sphere. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Shagieva, G.S., Alieva, I.B., Chaponnier, C. et al. Divergent Impact of Actin Isoforms on Division of Epithelial Cells. Biochemistry Moscow 85, 1072–1081 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297920090072

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