Abstract
The annual killifishes of the genus Cynolebias include one well supported clade composed of three taxa: Cynolebias adloffi, from Porto Alegre (southern Brazil), C. cf. adloffi and Cynolebias viarius, parapatrically distributed in southeastern Uruguay. Cynolebias cf. adloffi has always been considered an intergradation complex of populations between C. adloffi and C. viarius showing high levels of morphological variability and its systematic affinities have been historically discussed. This study clarified the patterns of genetic differentiation of C. cf. adloffi by means of RAPD markers to define its taxonomic status as a possible separated taxon. Multidimensional scaling analysis reveals that C. cf. adloffi is composed of two highly structured genetic groups (northern and southern) with discrete geographical distributions. The estimate of gene diversity for RAPD markers could suggest a scenario in which the rainy season flood pool populations across large distances could make intrapopulation variation high but interpopulation variation low. Phylogenetic analyses (UPGMA and parsimony) show different and unstable patterns of relationships among the taxa analyzed. In the UPGMA tree, C. viarius and C. cf. adloffi appear as sister taxa, while parsimony analysis does not support a unique hypothesis of relationship. Our analyses are in agreement with the hypothesis that C. cf. adloffi may well be a case of ancient hybrid ancestry followed by its divergence associated with Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene environmental changes in this region.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allendorf, F.W. 1983. Isolation, gene flow, and genetic differentiation among populations. pp. 51-65. In: C.M. Schonewald-Cox, S.M. Chambers, B. MacBryde & L. Thomas (ed.) Genetics and Conservation: A Reference for Managing Wild Animal and Plant Populations, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, CA.
Alvarez-Buylla, E.R., R. García-Barrios, C. Lara-Moreno & M. Martínez-Ramos. 1996. Demographic and genetic models in conservation biology: Applications and perspectives for tropical rain forest tree species. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27: 387-421.
Avise, J.C. 1994. Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution, Chapman & Hall, New York. 000 pp.
Costa, W.J.E.M. & M.M. Cheffe. 2001. Three new annual fishes of the genus Austrolebias from the Laguna dos Patos system, Southern Brazil and a redescription of A. adloffi (Ahl) (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Comunicac?es do Museo Ciència e Tecnologia. PUCRS, Série Zoologia, Porto Alegre, 14: 179-200.
Davies, J.I. & K.C. Nixon. 1992. Populations, genetic variation, and the delimitation of phylogenetic species. Syst. Biol.: 41: 421-435.
Excoffier, L., P.E. Smouse & J.M. Quattro. 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131: 479-491.
García, G., E. Scvortzoff, M.C. Máspoli & R. Vaz-Ferreira. 1993. Analysis of karyotypic evolution in natural population of Cynolebias (Pisces: Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) using banding techniques. Cytologia 58: 85-94.
García, G., E. Scvortzoff & A. Hernández. 1995. Karyotypic heterogeneity in South American annual killifishes of the genus Cynolebias (Pisces: Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae). Cytologia 60: 103-110.
García, G., G. Wlasiuk & E.P. Lessa. 2000. High levels of mitocondrial cytochrome b divergence in annual kilifishes of the genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 129: 93-110.
García, G., A.I. Lalanne, G. Aguirre & M. Cappetta. 2001. Chromosome evolution in annual killifish genus Cynolebias and mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis. Chrom. Res. 9: 93-100.
García, G., F. Alvarez-Valin & N. Gomez. 2002a. Mitochondrial genes: Signals and noise in phylogenetic reconstruction within killifish genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 49-59.
García, G., A. Pereira, I. Carrera & A. Márquez. 2002b. Genetic relationships in a complex of Cynolebias species (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) from eastern Uruguay and Southern Brazil. Boletín de la Sociedad Zoológica del Uruguay 13: 1-11.
Gomes, C., R.B.G. Dales & H.A. Oxenford. 1998. The application of RAPD markers in stock discrimination of the four-wing flyingfish, Hirundichthys affinis in the central western Atlantic. Mol. Ecol. 7: 1029-1039.
Hadrys, H., M. Balick & B. Schierwater. 1992. Applications of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in molecular ecology. Mol. Ecol. 1: 55-63.
Haig, S.M., J.M. Rhymer & D.G. Heckel. 1994. Population differentiation in randomly amplified polymorphic DNA of re-cockaded woodpeckers Picoides borealis. Mol. Ecol. 3: 581-595.
Hastings, A. & S. Harrison. 1994. Metapopulation dynamics and genetics. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25: 167-168.
James, F.C. & C.E. McCulloch. 1990. Multivariate analysis in ecology and systematics: Panacea or pandora's box? Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 21: 129-166.
Kimura, M. & T. Maruyama, 1971. Patterns of neutral variation in a geographically structured population. Genet. Res. 18: 125-131.
Lessa, E.P. 1990. Multidimensional analysis of geographic genetic structure. Syst. Zool. 39: 242-252.
McDade, L.A. 1992. Hybrids and phylogenetic systematics II. The impact of hybrids on cladistic analysis. Evolution 46: 1329-1346.
Medrano, J.F., E. Aasen & L. Sharrow. 1990. DNA extraction from nucleated red blood cells. Biotechniques 8: 43.
Mishler, B.D. & E.C. Theriot. 2000. The phylogenetic species concept (sensu Mishler & Theriot): Monophyly, apomorphy and phylogenetic species concepts. pp. 44-54. In: Q.D. Wheeler & R. Meier (ed.) Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory, A Debate, Columbia University Press, New York.
Nei, M. & W.H. Li. 1979. Mathematical models for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76: 5269-5273.
Nelson, G. & N.I. Platnick. 1980. Multiple branching in cladograms: Two interpretations. Syst. Zool. 29: 86-91.
Parenti, L. 1981. A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Cyprinodontiformes. (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 168: 340-557.
PROBIDES. 1999. Plan Director Reserva de Biosfera Bañados del Este/Uruguay-Rocha, 159 pp.
Rieseberg, L.H. 1996. Homology among RAPD fragments in interspecific comparisons. Mol. Ecol. 5: 99-105.
Sanguinetti, C., F. Diaz Neto & A.J. Simson. 1994. Rapid silver staining and recovery of PCR products separated on acrylamide gels. Biotechniques 17: 915-918.
Sprechmann, P. 1980. Paleoecología, Paleogrografía y estratigraf ía de la región costera del Uruguay durante el Neogeno y Cuartario. ResÚmenes Actas I Congreso Latinoamericano. de Paleontología 3: 237-256.
Swofford, D.L. 1998. PAUP?. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (?and Other Methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Wagner, W.H. 1983. Reticulistics: The recognition of hybrids and their role in cladistics and classification. pp. 63-79. In: N.I. Platnick and V.A. Funk (ed.) Advances in Cladistics: Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the Willi Henning Society, Columbia University Press, New York, USA.
Wourms, J.P. 1967. Annual fishes. pp. 23-137. In: F.W. Wilt & N.K. Wessels (ed.) Methods in Developmental Biology, Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York.
Wright, S. 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetics 28: 114-138.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
García, G., Claramunt, S. & Lalanne, A.I. Genetic Differentiation Among Annual Fishes of the Genus Cynolebias (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivuluidae) in a Biosphere Reserve Site from Uruguay. Environmental Biology of Fishes 70, 247–256 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000033339.55585.f6
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000033339.55585.f6