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Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysis with ion- exchanged clays

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Abstract

An acid-treated montmorillonite clay has been ion-exchanged with Al3+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Na+. The catalytic activities of these materials have been measured in the Brønsted acid catalysed rearrangement of α-pinene to camphene, and the Lewis acid catalysed rearrangement of camphene hydrochloride to isobornyl chloride, following thermal activation at temperatures from 75 to 350°C. The surface acidities of the ion-exchanged clays have been measured using a microcalorimetric method involving ammonia adsorption, and through the infrared spectra of adsorbed pyridine. The results show that maximum Brønsted acidity is generated on thermal activation at approximately 150°C and maximum Lewis acidity at 250- -300°C. A good correlation has been found between the surface acidities and the catalytic activities of the ion- exchanged clays in both reactions. A significant result is the relatively low surface Lewis acid strength of Al3+- exchanged clays, for which a possible explanation is proposed.

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Authors
  1. D.R. Brown
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  2. C.N. Rhodes
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Brown, D., Rhodes, C. Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysis with ion- exchanged clays. Catalysis Letters 45, 35–40 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019038806333

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