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Mixed-mode chromatographic performance using nicotinic acid-functionalized chito-oligosaccharide-bonded Ti/Si hybrid monolithic capillary columns

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Abstract

This article describes the fabrication of porous nicotinic acid-functionalized chito-oligosaccharide-bonded titania/silica hybrid monoliths (TiO2/SiO2@ChO-N) through a co-gelation sol–gel process. A capillary monolith with a well-defined and homogeneous structure was obtained by controlling the hydrolysis speed of titanium alkoxides in a sol mixture by using glycerol and acetylacetone. As a result of the functionalization with chito-oligosaccharides (ChO)-modified nicotinic acid, the obtained stationary phase provides superior physiochemical properties, such as a cationic hydrophilic surface, porosity, and mechanical strength. Scanning electron microscope and attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the functionalized monolithic columns. The produced capillary columns showed high chromatographic performance with acceptable selectivity for charged analytes as well as organic polar compounds such as nucleic bases, nucleosides, carbamate pesticides, and strobilurin fungicides. The obtained results also indicated that the functionalized ChO’s amino, amide, hydroxyl, and pyridinium ring moieties served as hydrophilic electrostatic traps for charged substances, in addition to stroing π–π interaction with the carbamate pesticides and strobilurin fungicides analytes via hydrogen bonding.

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Acknowledgements

This study was partly supported by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI, Grant number: 18K05168), Japan. The authors acknowledge the MEXT scholarship from the Japanese government and instrumentation assistance from Prof. Fusheng Li.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Mahmoud A. M. El-Nouby

  2. Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt

    Mahmoud A. M. El-Nouby

  3. Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Lee Wah Lim

  4. Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Lee Wah Lim

  5. International Joint Department of Materials Science and Engineering Between National University of Malaysia and Gifu University, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Lee Wah Lim

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  1. Mahmoud A. M. El-Nouby
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El-Nouby, M.A.M., Lim, L.W. Mixed-mode chromatographic performance using nicotinic acid-functionalized chito-oligosaccharide-bonded Ti/Si hybrid monolithic capillary columns. ANAL. SCI. 39, 2019–2029 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-023-00416-3

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