Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The current diversity, equity, and inclusion climate of the Association for Surgical Education

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Global Surgical Education - Journal of the Association for Surgical Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Diversity improves team innovation and productivity. The Association for Surgical Education (ASE) formed a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) task force to strengthen its efforts. This study aimed to characterize the current DEI climate of the ASE.

Methods

A modified Michigan 35-question climate survey was electronically distributed to all ASE members (n = 1117) and kept open for 7 months with completion encouraged during ASE events and via iterative reminders. Survey questions (10-point Likert scale) examined experiences and perceptions regarding inclusivity, collegiality, transparency, and discrimination. Open-ended questions were asked regarding improving member involvement, diversity and recruitment, and DEI task force goals. Respondent demographics were collected; identifying information was optional. Quantitative data were presented as percentages and qualitative data were coded into categories.

Results

The response rate was 20% (n = 220; 64% anonymous) with representation primarily from those who self-identified as white (65.3%), heterosexual/straight (85.4%), able (88.8%), from the US (94.8%), and physician (80%). Ratings were largely positive, especially regarding support, respect, and camaraderie (mean rating 8.3–8.4 on a 10 point scale). However, 4% reported experiencing discrimination (35% membership category, 35% gender, 23% age, 6% sexual orientation) and 12% had considered leaving the ASE. Qualitative categories identified the need for broader recruitment, better involvement and advancement opportunities, organizational transparency, structured mentorship, and DEI education and leadership support.

Conclusions

While overall feedback was positive supporting that the ASE maintains a welcoming and nurturing environment, nonresponse bias may exist. Clear opportunities were identified and will be used to guide future ASE efforts to champion DEI.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability statement

The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Global Diversity and Inclusion Fostering Innovation Through a Diverse Workforce. In: Forbes Insights. New York. Available at https://i.forbesimg.com/forbesinsights/StudyPDFs/Innovation_Through_Diversity.pdf.

  2. Page S, Lewis E, Cantor N, Phillips K. The diversity bonus: how great teams payoff in the knowledge economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2017. p. 328.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Valenzuela F, Romero Arenas MA. Underrepresented in surgery: (lack of) diversity in academic surgery faculty. J Surg Res. 2020;254:170–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.04.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Van Heest A. Gender diversity in orthopedic surgery: we all know it’s lacking, but why? Iowa Orthop J. 2020;40(1):1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Female Chairs of Departments of Surgery. Association of Women Surgeons. https://www.womensurgeons.org/page/FemaleSurgeryChairs. Accessed Oct 25, 2021.

  6. Pories SE, Turner PL, Greenberg CC, Babu MA, Parangi S. Leadership in American surgery. Ann Surg. 2019;269(2):199–205. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Siotos C, Payne RM, Stone JP, Cui D, Siotou K, Broderick KP, Rosson GD, Cooney CM. Evolution of workforce diversity in surgery. J Surg Educ. 2019;76(4):1015–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.12.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Carpenter AM, Tan SA, Costopoulos K, Cooper LA, Sarosi GA, Shaw CM. Gender diversity in general surgery residency leadership. J Surg Educ. 2018;75(6):e68–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.07.021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Andriole DA, Jeffe DB, Schechtman KB. Is surgical workforce diversity increasing? J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204(3):469–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.12.035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Dorsey C, Ross E, Appah-Sampong A, Vela M, Saunders M. Update on workforce diversity in vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg. 2021;74(1):5-11.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.12.063.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Whitla DK, Orfield G, Silen W, Teperow C, Howard C, Reede J. Educational benefits of diversity in medical school: a survey of students. Acad Med. 2003;78(5):460–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ologunde R, Rufai SR, Lee AH. Inspiring tomorrow’s surgeons: the benefits of student surgical society membership? J Surg Educ. 2015;72(1):104–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.06.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. History. Association of Women Surgeons. https://www.womensurgeons.org/page/History. Accessed Oct 25, 2021.

  14. Henderson VJ. History. The Society of Black Academic Surgeons. https://www.sbas.net/about/history.aspx. Accessed Oct 25, 2021.

  15. A brief history of SAAS. Society of Asian American Surgeons. https://www.asiansurgeon.org/about/history/. Accessed Oct 25, 2021.

  16. Who we are. Latino Surgical Society. https://www.latinosurgicalsociety.org/about. Accessed Oct 25, 2021.

  17. Telem DA, Qureshi A, Edwards M, Jones DB, WRS Taskforce. SAGES climate survey results and strategic planning for our future. Surg Endosc. 2018;32:4105–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-018-6149-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Torres MB, Williams-Karnesky RL, Kauffman JD, Smelser W, Martinez Quinones P, Elsolh B, Alimi Y, Altierei MS. Increasing membership diversity in surgical societies through intentional inclusion. American College of Surgeons Bulletin. https://bulletin.facs.org/2021/01/increasing-membership-diversity-in-surgical-societies-through-intentional-inclusion/. Accessed Oct 25, 2021.

  19. West MA, Hwang S, Maier RV, Ahuja N, Angelos P, Bass BL, Brasel KJ, Chen H, Davis KA, Eberlein TJ, Fong Y, Greenberg CC, Lillemoe KD, McCarthy MC, Michelassi F, Numann PJ, Parangi S, Reyes JD, Sanfey HA, Stain SC, Weigel RJ, Wren SM. Ensuring equity, diversity, and inclusion in academic surgery: an American Surgical Association white paper. Ann Surg. 2018;268(3):403–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002937.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Crown A, Berry C, Khabele D, Fayanju OM, Cobb A, Backhus L, Smith RN, Sweeting R, Hasson RM, Johnson-Mann C, Oseni T, Newman EA, Turner P, Karpeh M, Pugh C, Jordan AH, Henry-Tillman R, Joseph KA. The role of race and gender in the career experiences of Black/African American Academic Surgeons: a survey of the society of Black Academic Surgeons and a call to action. Ann Surg. 2021;273(5):827–31. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000004502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Association for Surgical Education. Royce Laycock—Starting the ASE [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AHOLV5hU5w. Published May 31, 2019. Accessed November 12, 2021.

  22. ASE Membership Flyer for Download [Internet]. https://www.surgicaleducation.com/membership/. Accessed November 12, 2021.

  23. Cochran A. 2018 ASE presidential address you belong here. Am J Surg. 2019;217(2):195–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.07.025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. DEI Task Force Application. Association for Surgical Education. https://www.surgicaleducation.com/dei-task-force-application/. Accessed Oct 25, 2021.

  25. Climate Survey. University of Michigan: Diversity, Equity & Inclusivity. https://diversity.umich.edu/data-reports/climate-survey/. Accessed Oct 25, 2021.

  26. Hughes J, Camden AA, Yangchen T. Rethinking and updating demographic questions: guidance to improve descriptions of research samples. Psi Chi J Psychol Res. 2016;21:138–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Elo S, Kyngas H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(1):107–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Erlingsson C, Brysiewicz P. A hands-on guide to doing content analysis. Afr J Emerg Med. 2017;7(3):93–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2017.08.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(2):105–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Strategic Plan. Association for Surgical Education. https://www.surgicaleducation.com/strategic-plan/. Accessed Dec 13, 2021.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to first thank the ASE members who responded to this survey and provided us the guidance and insight into this work. We would additionally like to thank the ASE Board, the ASE Membership committee, and the ASE DEI task force who provided support in the development, approval and dissemination of this survey. This document was reviewed and approved by the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Task Force and the Board of Directors of the Association for Surgical Education (ASE).

Funding

There was no funding for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Madhuri B. Nagaraj.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nagaraj, M.B., Sandhu, G., Sachs, T.E. et al. The current diversity, equity, and inclusion climate of the Association for Surgical Education. Global Surg Educ 1, 23 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44186-022-00023-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44186-022-00023-2

Keywords

Navigation