Abstract
The present study examines the distribution of major and rare earth elements (REEs) in the Kuldhar Member Limestone (KML), Jaisalmer Formation, western Rajasthan, India. The study aims to gain insight into the sources of REEs and the depositional environment using petrographical and geochemical studies. The dominant major oxide is CaO, primarily originating from biogenic sources due to the high fossil content of the member. The dominance of CaO implies that calcite was the primary mineral phase in these carbonates. Following CaO, iron oxide (Fe2O3) is the next abundant component. The higher concentration of Fe can be attributed to its adsorption onto clay components, explaining the strong correlation between Fe2O3 and Al2O3 (r = 0.93), as well as the excess Fe content. The relatively higher concentration of ∑REE in the samples indicate that there have been some detrital siliciclastic fractions. The Post Archaean Australian Shale (PAAS) normalized pattern is nearly flat, with variable Ce and Gd anomalies, as well as a positive Eu anomaly. The higher (Nd/Yb)SN ratio (avg. 1.20) indicates that these samples did not retain their original seawater properties, which is further supported by the extremely low Er/Nd ratio (avg. 0.09). The (Dy/Yb)SN ratio (avg. 1.42) is observed to be similar to shallow marine and Indian Ocean carbonate. A higher (Dy/Yb)SN ratio suggests that heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) are slightly more enriched than light rare earth elements (LREEs), which is similar to modern seawater. The variable Ce anomaly reflects changes in terrigenous input into the system. Notably, fluctuations in the Ce anomaly value and Mn* values are indicative of alternating oxic and anoxic depositional environmental conditions. These variations correspond to several short-term changes in global climatic conditions during the Middle Jurassic period.
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Authors are thankful to Chairperson, Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for providing necessary facilities in the Department. Shaikh Asjad is grateful to the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, for the financial assistance in the form of Senior Research Fellowship (SRF). We would like to express our gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and recommendations, which have significantly improved the quality of this manuscript. We thank Prof. Maria Virgínia Alves Martins, Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Sedimentary Environments for efficient editorial handling.
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The financial aid for the current work has been provided by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, in the form of Senior Research Fellowship (SRF).
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SA: Carried out fieldwork, conception and design of the study, data analysis, drafting of the original manuscript. KFK: review and editing of manuscript and overall supervision. MAQ: Carried out fieldwork,Conception and design of the study, data analysis, drafting of the original manuscript, review and editing. AJ: Carried out fieldwork, and co-designed the work and contributed in the finalisation of manuscript
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Asjad, S., Khan, K.F., Quasim, M.A. et al. Geochemistry of Kuldhar Member Limestone (Callovian–Oxfordian), Jaisalmer Basin, western Rajasthan, India: implications on depositional conditions and sources of rare earth elements. J. Sediment. Environ. 8, 545–561 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-023-00152-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-023-00152-8