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Provenance, palaeoweathering and tectonic setting of the Kuldhar Member Shale (Callovian–Oxfordian), Jaisalmer Formation, western Rajasthan

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Abstract

The geochemistry of the Kuldhar Member Shale (Callovian-Oxfordian), Jaisalmer Formation, western Rajasthan has been investigated to identify the source rock characteristics, palaeoweathering and tectonic setting of the source area. The Kuldhar Member Shale has higher concentration of SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, K2O and classified as Fe-shale. The positive correlation of Al2O3 with other oxides apart from CaO suggests that these elements are primarily associated with micaceous/clay minerals. The Kuldhar Member Shale shows slightly light rare-earth element (LREE)-enriched and flat heavy rare-earth element (HREE) patterns with negative Eu anomaly, and are similar to granitic rocks from Precambrian Aravalli Craton situated in the southeast and some minor contribution from the Malani Igneous Suits (MIS) in the south of the basin. Provenance modelling indicates that the Kuldhar Member Shale is best modelled with a mixture having 59.5% Aravalli Supergroup rocks, 25% Delhi Supergroup rocks (North Delhi Fold Belt), 14% Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC) and 1.5% Malani Igneous Suits (MIS). The chemical index of alteration (CIA), index of compositional variability (ICV) and the A-CN-K diagram of the Kuldhar Member Shale suggests that the source area experienced moderate to high degree of chemical weathering under warm and humid climatic conditions. The shift of sediment source from distal in the beginning to local during later period suggests sedimentation in a tectonically active basin.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Chairperson, Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for providing necessary facilities in the Department. SA is grateful to the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, for the financial assistance in the form of Junior Research Fellowship (JRF). We are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. The editorial work of Professor Maria Virgínia Alves Martins (Editor-In-Chief, Journal of Sedimentary Environments) is highly appreciated.

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The financial aid for the current work has been provided by the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, in the form of Junior Research Fellowship (JRF).

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  1. Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, 202002, India

    Shaikh Asjad, A. H. M. Ahmad & M. A. Quasim

  2. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India

    Himanshu K. Sachan

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SA and MAQ have carried out the field work. SA has processed the data. AHMA and HKS drafted the first outline of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Asjad, S., Ahmad, A.H.M., Quasim, M.A. et al. Provenance, palaeoweathering and tectonic setting of the Kuldhar Member Shale (Callovian–Oxfordian), Jaisalmer Formation, western Rajasthan. J. Sediment. Environ. 6, 585–602 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-021-00072-5

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