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Photoluminescence and photocatalytic studies of rice water and papaya fruit extract-encapsulated cadmium sulfide nanoparticles

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Abstract

Natural extracts can act as potential sources for the synthesis of nanoparticles in non-hazardous ways. The stabilization of nanoparticles can be done by any sufficiently large, quasi-polar, organic molecule. In the present study, cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdSNPs) encapsulated by natural extract have been synthesized via green chemical reduction route that uses natural stabilizers such as rice water, papaya fruit extracts and precursors such as cadmium chloride, cadmium nitrate, and cadmium sulfate. Different experimental techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV Visible Absorption Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Small Angle X-ray Spectroscopy (SAXS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) are used to confirm that the as-prepared samples contain cubic crystalline CdSNPs with average size less than 20 nm and a thin natural molecule layer developed on their surface. The luminescence properties of as-prepared CdSNPs are studied through photoluminescence measurements. The photoluminescence spectra of the CdSNPs have exhibited one broad peak along with shoulders on either side of it. Cadmium sulfide nanomaterials that belong to the II–VI group are known for their photocatalytic applications due to their efficient physical properties along with wide bandgap energy. Further, the as-prepared CdSNPs have exhibited their potentiality in degrading Methylene Blue (MB), and Rhodamine B (RhB) which can be attributed to their mixed phase.

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Abbreviations

CdS:

Cadmium sulfide

CdSNPs:

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

UV:

Ultraviolet

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

EDS:

Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy

SAXS:

Small Angle X-ray Spectroscopy

TEM:

Transmission Electron Microscopy

MB:

Methylene blue

RhB:

Rhodamine B

NPs:

Nanoparticles

FWHM:

Full width at half maximum

IRENA:

A data manipulations and analysis tool box for SAXS

SAED:

Selected area electron diffraction

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Acknowledgements

The authors are extremely grateful to the Head, Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad and Director, DMRL, Hyderabad for extending co-operation and allowing using experimental facilities. The authors thank the SAIF, IIT Madras for providing the photoluminescence characterization facility

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Government Degree College, Jangaon, 506167, India

    Srinivasa Goud Bandaru & A. K. Singh

  2. Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, India

    Srinivasa Goud Bandaru & Suresh Yathapu

  3. Department of Physics, University College for Women, Osmania University, 500095, Hyderabad, India

    Annapurna Sathiraju

  4. CVR College of Engineering, Vastunagar, Mangalpalli, R.R.District, Hyderabad, 501510, India

    Bhikshamaiah Ganghishetti

  5. International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Balapur PO, Telangana, 500 005, Hyderabad, India

    Tarun Babu Mangalarapu

  6. Defence Metallurgical and Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500058, India

    A. K. Singh

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  1. Srinivasa Goud Bandaru
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Bandaru, S.G., Yathapu, S., Sathiraju, A. et al. Photoluminescence and photocatalytic studies of rice water and papaya fruit extract-encapsulated cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. J. Korean Ceram. Soc. 60, 183–202 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-022-00253-6

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