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Why Is It So Difficult To Have Competent Oocytes from In vitro Cultured Preantral Follicles?

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Abstract

The developmental competence of oocytes is acquired gradually during follicular development, mainly through oocyte accumulation of RNA molecules and proteins that will be used during fertilization and early embryonic development. Several attempts to develop in vitro culture systems to support preantral follicle development up to maturation are reported in the literature, but oocyte competence has not yet been achieved in human and domestic animals. The difficulties to have fertilizable oocytes are related to thousands of mRNAs and proteins that need to be synthesized, long-term duration of follicular development, size of preovulatory follicles, composition of in vitro culture medium, and the need of multi-step culture systems. The development of a culture system that maintains bidirectional communication between the oocyte and granulosa cells and that meets the metabolic demands of each stage of follicle growth is the key to sustain an extended culture period. This review discusses the physiological and molecular mechanisms that determine acquisition of oocyte competence in vitro, like oocyte transcriptional activity, follicle and oocyte sizes, and length and regulation of follicular development in murine, human, and domestic animal species. The state of art of in vitro follicular development and the challenges to have complete follicular development in vitro are also highlighted.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for scholarships. J.R.V. Silva is a researcher of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq (Grant number 308737/2018-0).

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  1. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Comandante Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, Sobral, CE, CEP 62041-040, Brazil

    Laís R. F. M. Paulino, Ernando I. T. de Assis, Venância A. N. Azevedo, Bianca R. Silva, Ellen V. da Cunha & José R. V. Silva

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  1. Laís R. F. M. Paulino
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  2. Ernando I. T. de Assis
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  3. Venância A. N. Azevedo
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  4. Bianca R. Silva
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  5. Ellen V. da Cunha
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  6. José R. V. Silva
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Contributions

All authors contributed equally to write the manuscript and to prepare illustrations. J.R.V. Silva critically revised the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to José R. V. Silva.

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Paulino, L., de Assis, E., Azevedo, V. et al. Why Is It So Difficult To Have Competent Oocytes from In vitro Cultured Preantral Follicles?. Reprod. Sci. 29, 3321–3334 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00840-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00840-8

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