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Exploring bacterial diversity in Arctic fjord sediments: a 16S rRNA–based metabarcoding portrait

  • Environmental Microbiology - Research Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

The frosty polar environment houses diverse habitats mostly driven by psychrophilic and psychrotolerant microbes. Along with traditional cultivation methods, next-generation sequencing technologies have become common for exploring microbial communities from various extreme environments. Investigations on glaciers, ice sheets, ponds, lakes, etc. have revealed the existence of numerous microorganisms while details of microbial communities in the Arctic fjords remain incomplete. The current study focuses on understanding the bacterial diversity in two Arctic fjord sediments employing the 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and its comparison with previous studies from various Arctic habitats. The study revealed that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum from both the fjord samples followed by Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi and Chlamydiae. A significant proportion of unclassified reads derived from bacteria was also detected. Psychrobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Photobacterium, Flavobacterium, Gramella and Shewanella were the major genera in both the fjord sediments. The above findings were confirmed by the comparative analysis of fjord metadata with the previously reported (secondary metadata) Arctic samples. This study demonstrated the potential of 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding in resolving bacterial composition and diversity thereby providing new in situ insights into Arctic fjord systems.

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Abbreviations

KGS:

Kongsfjorden sediment

KRS:

Krossfjorden sediment

rRNA:

Ribosomal RNA

MG-RAST:

Metagenomic Rast Server

MEGAN:

MEtaGenome ANalyser

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Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to ESSO-NCPOR, Goa, for providing logistic support for sediment sampling. The authors are grateful to Macrogen Inc., Republic of Korea, for performing 16s rRNA based metabarcoding of DNA samples. BK is thankful to Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, for the award of PURSE fellowship. BK and SS acknowledge the support of Mr. Ajithabh K. S. for plotting the map with sampling sites. The authors are grateful to Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry and National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health (NCAAH), Cochin University of Science and Technology, for providing necessary facilities to perform the work.

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Author notes

  1. Bhavya Kachiprath and Solly Solomon contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India

    Bhavya Kachiprath, Solly Solomon, Anjali S. Mohan, E. R. Chaithanya & Rosamma Philip

  2. Fishery Survey of India, Cochin Zonal Base, Kochangadi Road, Kochi, Kerala, 682005, India

    Solly Solomon

  3. Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Jayanath Gopi & P. R. Jayachandran

  4. National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences (Government of India), Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403804, India

    Jabir Thajudeen

  5. National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India

    Manomi Sarasan & Jayesh Puthumana

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Contributions

JP, JC, JT and RP collected the sediment samples. BK carried out the experiment of the present work with support from SS and JG. MS and ASM assisted the processing of sediment samples. The work was carried out under the supervision of RP. BK wrote the manuscript. SS, RP, JP, CER, JG and MS reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rosamma Philip.

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Kachiprath, B., Solomon, S., Gopi, J. et al. Exploring bacterial diversity in Arctic fjord sediments: a 16S rRNA–based metabarcoding portrait. Braz J Microbiol 55, 499–513 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01217-6

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