Abstract
Biochar has proven to increase phosphorus (P) content in acidic soils; since biochar has alkaline character, its long-term applications may have a negative effect on the availability of P and other elements in alkaline soils. Therefore, this study aimed to study a newly developed P fertilizer, phosphorus-enriched biochar (PEB), to evaluate and compare for its agronomic performance on wheat and maize. Rice husk biochar was enriched with concentrated phosphoric acid (PA), (500/84: w/v). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to determine PEB’s functional and structural properties. Under controlled conditions, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with wheat followed by maize to determine the main and residual effects of P. The four treatments were control (no P), triple superphosphate (TSP), PA, and PEB (200 mg·P·kg-1). The experiment was designed using completely randomized design with five replications. Incorporation of PEB in the form of biochar (BC) integrated with PA significantly increased plant dry weight in both crops. PEB resulted in the highest P concentration in wheat (6.38 g kg-1). Similarly, the residual effects were seen in maize (3.18 g kg-1). In both plants, treatments did not significantly affect N and K concentrations. Calcium concentration in the wheat plants increased significantly. Different P sources had different effects on Fe (wheat remained un-changed; decreased in maize), Si, Zn, Cu, and Mn (decreased in both plants). Biochar enriched with PA decreased the soil pH and increased the P concentration in soil, and plant, hence, can replace inorganic P fertilizers as an alternative and in eco-friendly manner. Additional experiments are required for better understanding the main and residual effects of the designed fertilizer. This will enable us to find its effectiveness in growth and P nutrition in different types of soils and crops, which could sustain productivity in alkaline soils.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adebajo SO, Oluwatobi F, Akintokun PO, Ojo AB, Akintokun AK, Gbodope IG (2022) Impacts of rice-husk biochar on soil microbial biomass and agronomic performances of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Sci Rep 12:1787. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05757-z
Ahmad M, Usman ARA, Al-Faraj AS, Ahmad M, Sallam A, Al-Wabel MI (2018) Phosphorus-loaded biochar changes soil heavy metals availability and uptake potential of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Chemosphere 194:327–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.156
Alewell C, Ringeval B, Ballabio C, David AR, Panagos P, Borrelli P (2020) Global phosphorus shortage will be aggravated by soil erosion. Nat Commun 11:4546. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18326-7
Amin AEEAZ, Mihoub A (2021) Effect of sulfur-enriched biochar in combination with sulfur-oxidizing bacterium (Thiobacillus spp.) on release and distribution of phosphorus in high calcareous P-fixing soils. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21:2041–2047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00500-5
Asadi H, Ghorbani M, Razaei-Rashti M, Abrishamkesh S, Amirahmadi E, Chengrong C, Gorji M (2021) Application of rice husk biochar for achieving sustainable agriculture and environment. Rice Sci 28:325–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2021.05.004
Ateş A (2021) The effect of microwave and ultrasound activation on the characteristics of biochar produced from tea waste in the presence of H3PO4 and KOH. Biomass Convers Biorefin. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01838-7
Boukhalfa-Deraoui N, Mihoub A, Hanifi-Mekliche L, Meclikhe A, Mihoub A, Daddibouhoun M (2015a) Effect of phosphorus application on durum wheat in alkaline sandy soil in arid condition of Southern Algeria. Asian J of Crop Sci 7:61–71. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2015.61.71
Boukhalfa-Deraoui N, Hanifi-Mekliche L, Mihoub A (2015b) Effect of incubation period of phosphorus fertilizer on some properties of sandy soil with low calcareous content, Southern Algeria. Asian J Agric Res 9:123–131. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajar.2015.123.131
Chen T, Luo L, Deng S, Shi G, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Deng O, Wang L, Zhang J, Wei L (2018) Sorption of tetracycline on H3PO4 modified biochar derived from rice straw and swine manure. Bioresour Technol 267:431–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.074
Choudhary TK, Khan KS, Hussain Q, Ashfag M (2021) Nutrient availability to maize crop (Zea mays L.) in biochar amended alkaline subtropical soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21:1293–1306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00440-0
Faucon MP, Houben D, Reynoird JP, Mercadal-Dulaurent AM, Armand R, Lambers H (2015) Advances and perspectives to improve the phosphorus availability in cropping systems for agroecological phosphorus management. Adv Agron 134:51–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2015.06.003
Filho JFL, Carneiro JSS, Barbosa CF, de Lima PK, Leite AA, Melo LCA (2020) Aging of biochar-based fertilizers in soil: effects on phosphorus pools and availability to Urochloa brizantha grass. Sci Total Environ 709:136028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136028
Ghorbani M, Konvalina P, Kopecky M, Kolar L (2022) A mera-analysis on the impacts of different oxidation methods on the surface area properties of biochar. Land Degrad Dev 34:299–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4464
Glaser B, Lehr VI (2019) Biochar effects on phosphorus availability in agricultural soils: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 9:9338. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45693-z
Gunes A, Inal A, Taskin M, Sahin O, Kaya EC, Atakol A (2014) Effect of phosphorus-enriched biochar and poultry manure on growth and mineral composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv.) grown in alkaline soil. Soil Use Manage 30:182–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12114
Helfenstein J, Tamburini F, von Sperber C, Massey MS, Pistocchi C, Chadwick OA, Frossard E (2018) Combining spectroscopic and isotopic techniques gives a dynamic view of phosphorus cycling in soil. Nat Commun 9:312–320. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05731-2
Kalra YP (1998) Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Kim AJ, Vijayaraghavan K, Reddy DHK, Yun Y (2018) A phosphorus-enriched biochar fertilizer from bio-fermentation waste: a potential alternative source for phosphorus fertilizers. J Clean Prod 196:163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.004
Kong F, Ling X, Iqbal B, Zhou Z, Meng Y (2021) Soil phosphorus availability and cotton growth affected by biochar addition under two phosphorus fertilizer levels. Arch Agron Soil Sci:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2021.1955355
Lambers H (2022) Phosphorus acquisition and utilization in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 73. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-125738
Mandal A, Sarkar B, Mandal S, Vithanage M, Patra AK, Manna MC (2020) Impact of agrochemicals on soil health. In: Agrochemicals detection, treatment and remediation. Butterworth-Heinemann., pp 161–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-103017-2.00007-6
Manolikaki I, Mangolis A, Diamadopoulos E (2016) The impact of biochars prepared from agricultural residues on phosphorus release and availability in two fertile soils. J Environ Manage 181:536–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.012
Marschner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London, p 889
Mihoub A, Noukhalfa-Deraoui N (2014) Performance of different phosphorus fertilizer types on wheat grown in calceraous sand soil of El-Meina, South Algeria. Asian J Crop Sci 7:61–71. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2015.61.71
Mihoub A, Amin AZ, Asif N, Bouhoun MD (2019) Improvement in phosphorus nutrition of wheat plants grown in a calcareous sandy soil by incorporating chemical phosphorus fertilizer with some selected organic substances. Acta Agric Slov 113:263–272. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.113.2.7
Mihoub A, Amin AEEAZ, Motaghian HR, Saeed MH, Naeem A (2022) Citric Acid (CA)–Modified biochar improved available phosphorus concentration and its half-life in a P-fertilized calcareous sandy soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 22:465–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00662-2
Mohammed YS, Shaibu-Imodagbe EM, Igboro SB, Giwa A, Okuofu CA (2015) Effect of phosphoric acid modification on characteristics of rice husk activated carbon. Iran J Energy Environ 6:20–25. https://doi.org/10.5829/IDOSI.IJEE.2015.06.01.05
Motaghian H, Hosseinpur A, Safian M (2020) The effects of sugarcane-derived biochar on phosphorus release characteristics in a calcareous soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20:66–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00101-3
Mosharrof M, Md KU, Sulaiman MF, Mia S, Shamsuzzaman SM, Haque ANA (2021) Combined application of biochar and lime increases maize yield and accelerates carbon loss from an acidic soil. Agronomy 1:1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071313
Mosharrof M, Uddin MK, Mia S, Sulaiman MF, Shamsuzzaman SM, Haque ANA (2022) Influence of rice husk biochar and lime in reducing phosphorus application rate in acid soil: a field trial with maize. Sustainability 14:7418. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127418
Nardis BO, Carneiro JSS, Souza IMG, Barros RG, Melo LCA (2021) Phosphorus recovery using magnesium-enriched biochar and its potential use as fertilizer. Arch Agron Soil Sci 67:1017–1033. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2020.1771699
Nedelciu CE, Ragnarsdottir KV, Schlyter P, Stjernquist I (2020) Global phosphorus supply chain dynamics: assessing regional impact to 2050. Global Food Security 26:100426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100426
Nguyen MN (2021) Potential use of silica-rich biochar for the formulation of adaptively controlled release fertilizers: a mini review. J Clean Prod 307:127188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127188
Novais SV, Zenero MDO, Barreto MSC, Montes RC, Cerri PEC (2018) Phosphorus removal from eutrophic water using modified biochar. Sci Total Environ 633:825–835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.246
Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circular 939. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
Page AL (1982) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd edn. American Society of Agronomy Inc., Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, WI, USA.
Peiris C, Gunatilake SR, Wewalwela JJ, Vithanage M (2019) Chapter 11 - biochar for sustainable agriculture: nutrient dynamics, soil enzymes, and crop growth. Biochar Biomass Waste:211–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811729-3.00011-X
Puziy AM, Poddubnaya OI, Martı́nez-Alonso A, Suárez-Garcı́a F, Tascón JMD (2002) Synthetic carbons activated with phosphoric acid: I. Surface chemistry and ion binding properties. Carbon 40:1493–1505. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00317-7
Rafique M, Ortas I, Rizwan M, Chaudhary HJ, Gurmani AR, Munis MF (2020) Residual effects of biochar and phosphorus on growth and nutrient accumulation by maize (Zea mays L.) amended with microbes in texturally different soils. Chemosphere 238:124710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124710
Rehman RA, Rizwan M, Qayyum MF, Ali S, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Zafar-ul-Hye M, Iqbal MF (2018) Efficiency of various sewage sludges and their biochars in improving selected soil properties and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Environ Manage 223:607–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.081
Roberts TL, Johnston AE (2015) Phosphorus use efficiency and management in agriculture. Resour Conserv Recycl 105:275–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.09.013
Sahebi M, Hanafi MM, Akmar NSA, Rafii MY, Azizi P, Tengoua FF, Azwa JNM, Shabanimofrad M (2015) Importance of silicon and mechanisms of biosilica formation in plants. Biomed Res Int 15:396010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/396010
Sahin O, Taskin MB, Kaya EC, Atakol O, Emir E, Inal A, Gunes A (2017) Effect of acid modification of biochar on nutrient availability and maize growth in a calcareous soil. Soil Use Manage 33:447–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12360
Taskin MB, Kadioglu YK, Sahin O, Inal A, Gunes A (2019) Effect of acid modified biochar on the growth and essential and non- essential element content of bean, chickpea, soybean, and maize grown in calcareous soil. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 50:1604–1613. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1631326
Wang S, Liang X, Chen Y, Luo Q, Liang W, Li S, Huang C, Li Z, Wan L, Li W, Shao X (2012) Phosphorus loss potential and phosphatase activity under phosphorus fertilization in long-term paddy wetland agroecosystems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 76:161–167. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0078
White PJ, Hammond JP (2008) Phosphorus nutrition of terrestrial plants. In: The ecophysiology of plant-phosphorus interactions. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 51–81
Yang C, Lu S (2022) Straw and straw biochar differently affect phosphorus availability, enzyme activity and microbial functional genes in an Ultisol. Sci Total Environ 80:150325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150325
Yao Y, Gao B, Chen J, Yang L (2013) Engineered biochar reclaiming phosphate from aqueous solutions: mechanisms and potential application as a slow-release fertilizer. Environ Sci Technol 47:8700–8708. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4012977
Zhang H, Liu Z, Liu S (2016) HMGB1 induced inflammatory effect is blocked by CRISPLD2 via MiR155 in hepatic fibrogenesis. Mol Immunol 69:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.018
Zhao L, Zheng W, Mašek O, Chen X, Gu B, Sharma BK, Cao X (2017) Roles of phosphoric acid in biochar formation: synchronously improving carbon retention and sorption capacity. J Environ Qual 46:393–401. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2016.09.0344
Funding
This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (project no: 220O019).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
This is not applicable.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Highlights
•Phosphorus-enriched biochar (PEB) increased Olsen-P on average in alkaline soils and improved agronomic growth traits in wheat plants.
•PEB increased the uptake of P up to 50% in wheat and 20% in maize as compared to conventional application of P.
•PEB proved as the potential alternative fertilizer for sustainable P availability.
•Residual effect of PEB was studied to address soil P deficiency problem.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sahin, O., Gunes, A., Babar, S.K. et al. Phosphorus-Enriched Rice Husk Biochar Affected Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Wheat and Its Residual Effects on Maize Production. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 3085–3094 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01284-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01284-6