Abstract
Reducing the reliance on hazardous agrochemicals (i.e., chemical fertilizers) that damage agro-ecosystems represents great challenges in modern agriculture. Sulfur-enriched biochar derived from organic wastes in the presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria could be a promising alternative to inorganic phosphorus fertilizers for sustainable P use in highly calcareous soils. This incubation experiment examined the impacts of applying a mixture of bone-wood chips biochar and sulfur at different rates with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as well as incubation periods on availability and fraction changes of P in high P-fixing soil as calcareous sandy soil. In this study, 100 g air-dried soil was placed in plastic jars. It contains 3 treatments: control is unamended soil, soil amended with 0.25 g of biochar amendment jar−1, and soil amended with 0.50 g of biochar amendment jar−1. Soil in all treatments was inoculated by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus spp.). The results revealed that applying biochar amendment improved significantly phosphorus availability compared with control. Olsen-P increased with increasing incubating periods for bone char treatments and control. The value of Olsen-P was highest when 0.25 g and 0.50 g of biochar amendments jar−1 were added (32 and 34 mg kg−1, respectively) and the lowest in the control treatment (29 mg kg−1). Applying biochar amendments to calcareous sandy soil significantly enhanced labile P and P associated with calcium fractions compared to control. Based on those obtained results, using sulfur-enriched biochar in calcareous sandy soil is beneficial because it can be a slow-release fertilizer, has a low cost, and is a clean alternative to mineral phosphate fertilizers.
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The authors are indebted to all anonymous reviewers and editors of the journal for their extremely constructive feedback and insightful comments, which certainly improved the final quality of this work. Pr. M Farhan Saeed (COMSATS University – Pakistan) is also acknowledged for her friendly help on reviewing earlier version of this paper.
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Amin, A.EE.A.Z., Mihoub, A. Effect of Sulfur-Enriched Biochar in Combination with Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterium (Thiobacillus Spp.) on Release and Distribution of Phosphorus in High Calcareous P-Fixing Soils. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21, 2041–2047 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00500-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00500-5