Abstract
Rapid industrialization and high human activities lead to raised soil contamination with heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd). This study aimed at modulating Cd-imposed toxicity by seed priming with cold plasma and foliar application with selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs). The pot experiment was conducted to mitigate Cd toxicity at 10 and 20 mg kg−1 soil in sage (Salvia officinalis L.) plants with cold plasma (CP) at 90 s and foliar-applied Se NPs at 10 and 20 mg L−1. Cadmium accumulation in roots and shoots was increased by raising soil Cd level, but its uptake was mitigated after the use of CP and Se NPs. The use of CP and Se NPs ameliorated the decline of plant weight that occurred upon Cd toxicity. Chlorophyll (Chl) and relative water content (RWC) showed a significant reduction under 20 mg Cd kg−1 soil, but CP and Se NPs relatively increased these traits. The interaction of 10 mg Cd kg−1 soil, CP, and foliar-applied Se NPs led to elevated total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and essential oil (EO) percentage. The main constitutes of the EOs were 1,8 cineole (9.45–14.78%), α-thujone (26.97–38.76%), β-thujone (10.12–13.20%), and camphor (11.04–16.43%), being mainly oxygenate monoterpenes. According to heat map analysis, EO yield, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, and shoot weight revealed the higher variability upon the treatments. To sum up, a range of 10–20 mg L−1 along with seed priming with Cd can be suggested for alleviating Cd toxicity to reach the optimum growth and yield of sage plants with the potential for industrial products.
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The data are available on request.
Change history
03 August 2023
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01210-w
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The data were prepared by Heba Saed Kariem Alawamleh, Sakineh Moradkhani, Hadi Jabbari, and Marzieh Babashpour-Asl. The initial draft was prepared by Heba Saed Kariem Alawamleh and revised by others.
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The original version of this article was revised: The binomial name “Salvia officinalis L.” was rendered incorrectly (as “Salvia officials L.”) in two places in this article as originally published.
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Alawamleh, H.S.K., Jabbari, H., Moradkhani, S. et al. Cold Plasma and Foliar-Applied Selenium Nanoparticles Modulated Cadmium Toxicity Through Changes in Physio-biochemical Properties and Essential Oil Profile of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.). J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 1981–1995 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01152-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01152-3