Abstract
In India, potatoes are cultivated mainly in the sub-tropical Indo-Gangetic plains during winter. The winged morphs of peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) appear on the potato crops in the first fortnight of November and continue to reproduce parthenogenetically till March and disappear afterward. To determine its thermal requirement, we evaluated the immature development and survival of M. persicae on potato at eleven constant temperatures, for both the apterous and alate morphs. Myzus persicae nymphs developed to the adult stage at constant temperatures from 5.4 to 31 °C but failed to achieve adult emergence at 32 °C, the highest temperature. However, winged adults were produced only at set temperatures from 5.4 to 26.4 °C. The immature survival rate was high at 7.3 through 26.4 °C and decreased considerably beyond this range. The lower temperature thresholds (Tmin) were estimated as 4.13 ± 0.38 °C and 4.35 ± 0.74 °C for apterae and alatae, respectively. The thermal requirement (degree days) for the development of alate morphs was found appreciably higher in comparison to apterae, 128.20 ± 7.06 and 108.69 ± 3.07, respectively. Among the non-linear models, the estimates obtained from Bayoh model reflected the actual experimental value of temperature thresholds. Based on the accumulated degree day’s calculation, the alate morphs could complete 8.9 – 10.9 generations while the apterous morphs could complete 10.7 – 13.1 generations in the whole growing season. This information will help understand the population growth of the aphid in the sub-tropical plains and improve the efficacy of management practices.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and material
The data are available from the corresponding author (Mohd Abas Shah) upon reasonable request.
Change history
08 April 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00794-7
References
Barlow CA (1962) The influence of temperature on the growth of experimental populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Aphididae). Can J Zool 40(2):145–156
Bayoh MN, Lindsay SW (2003) Effect of temperature on the development of the aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae). Bull Entomol Res 93(5):375–381
Bindra OS, Sekhon SS (1971) Survey of aphid vectors of potato viruses in the plains of the Punjab. Indian J Hort 28(2):161–166
Briere JF, Pracros P, le Roux AY, Pierre S (1999) A novel rate model of temperature dependent development for arthropods. Environ Entomol 28:22–29
Campbell A, Frazer BD, Gilbert N, Gutierrez AP, Mackauer M (1974) Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites. J App Ecol 11:431–438
Damos PT, Savopoulou-Soultani M (2008) Temperature-dependent bionomics and modelling of Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the laboratory. J Econ Entomol 101(5):1557–1567
Davidson J (1942) On the speed of development of insect eggs at constant temperatures. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 20:233–239
Davidson J (1944) On the relationship between temperature and rate of development of insects at constant temperatures. J Anim Ecol 13:26–38
Davis JA, Radcliffe EB, Ragsdale DW (2006) Effects of high and fluctuating temperatures on Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Environ Entomol 35(6):1461–1468
Diaz BM, Fereres A (2005) Life table and population parameters of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Homoptera: Aphididae) at different constant temperatures. Environ Entomol 34(3):527–534
Diaz BM, Muñiz M, Barrios L, Fereres A (2007) Temperature thresholds and thermal requirements for development of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Environ Entomol 36(4):681–688
Ikemoto T, Takai K (2000) A new linearized formula for the law of total effective temperature and the evaluation of line-fitting methods with both variables subject to error. Environ Entomol 29(4):671–682
Janisch E (1932) The influence of temperature on the life-history of insects. Trans Royal Entomol Soc London 80(2):137–168
Kim JS, Kim TH (2004) Development time and development model of the green peach aphid Myzus Persicae. Kor J Appl Entomol 43(4):305–310
Kocourek F, Beránková J (1989) Temperature requirements for development and population growth of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae on sugar beet. Acta Entomol Bohemoslovaca 86(5):349–355
Kontodimas DC, Eliopoulos PA, Stathas GJ, Economou LP (2004) Comparative temperature dependent development of Nephus includens (Kirsch) and Nephus bisignatus (Boheman)(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) preying on Planococcus citri (Risso)(Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): evaluation of a linear and various nonlinear models using specific criteria. Environ Entomol 33(1):1–11
Lactin DJ, Holliday NJ, Johnson DL, Craigen R (1995) Improved rate model of temperature dependent development by arthropods. Environ Entomol 24(1):68–75
Lamb RJ (1992) Developmental rate of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae) at low temperatures: implications for estimating rate parameters for insects. Environ Entomol 21(1):10–19
Liu SS (1987) A modified leaf-disc method for rearing aphids. (in Chinese) Entomol Knowl 24:113–115
Liu SS, Hughes RD (1987) The influence of temperature and photoperiod on the development, survival and reproduction of the sowthistle aphid, Hyperomyzus lactucae. Entomol Exp Appl 43:31–38
Liu SS, Meng XD (1999) Modelling development time of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at constant and natural temperatures. Bull Entomol Res 89(1):53–63
Liu SS, Zhang GM, Zhu JUN (1995) Influence of temperature variations on rate of development in insects: analysis of case studies from entomological literature. Ann Entomol Soc Am 88(2):107–119
Malaquias JB, Ramalho FS, Lira AC, Oliveira FQ, Fernandes FS, Godoy WA, Zanuncio JC (2014) The biology and thermal requirements of the fennel aphid, Hyadaphis foeniculi (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PLoS One 9(7):e100983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100983
Mirhosseini MA, Fathipour Y, Reddy GV (2017) Arthropod development’s response to temperature: a review and new software for modelling. Ann Entomol Soc Am 110(6):507–520
Misra SS, Agrawal HO (1987) Potato aphids: A review of the species, their identification, importance, control and pesticide residues in potatoes in India. Trop Pest Manag 33(1):39–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878709371113
Pushkarnath (1959) Producing healthy seed potatoes in the plains: A new approach. Indian Potato J 1:63–72
Pushkarnath (1967) Seed potato production in the sub-tropical plains of India. Am Potato J 44:429–441
Pushkarnath, Nirula KK (1970) Aphid-warning for production of seed potato in subtropical plains of India. Indian J Agric Sci 40(12):1061–1070
R Core Team (2020) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Radcliffe EB, Ragsdale DW (2002) Aphid-transmitted potato viruses: the importance of understanding vector biology. Am J Potato Res 79:353–386
Ratkowsky DA, Lowry RK, McMeekin TA, Stokes AN, Chandler RE (1983) Model for bacterial culture growth rate throughout the entire biokinetic temperature range. J Bacteriol 154:1222–1226
Ratkowsky DA, Olley J, McMeekin TA, Ball A (1982) Relationship between temperature and growth rate of bacterial cultures. J Bacteriol 149(1):1–5
Rebaudo F, Rabhi VB (2018) Modeling temperature-dependent development rate and phenology in insects: review of major developments, challenges, and future directions. Entomol Exp Appl 166(8):607–617
Rebaudo F, Struelens Q, Dangles O (2018) Modelling temperature-dependent development rate and phenology in arthropods: The devRate package for R. Methods Ecol Evol 9(4):1144–1150
Shah MA, Bairwa A, Naga KC, Subhash S, Raghavendra KV, Mhatre PH, Bhatnagar A, Malik K, Venkatasalam EP, Sharma S (2020) Important potato pests and their management. In: Singh AK, Chakrabarti SK, Singh B, Sharma J, Dua VK (eds) Potato science and technology for sub-tropics. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, pp 295–326
Shapiro SS, Wilk MB (1965) An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52(3/4):591–611
Shi P, Ge F, Sun Y, Chen C (2011) A simple model for describing the effect of temperature on insect developmental rate. J Asia-Pacific Entomol 14(1):15–20
Shi PJ, Chen L, Hui C, Grissino-Mayer HD (2016) Capture the time when plants reach their maximum body size by using the beta sigmoid growth equation. Ecol Modell 320:177–181
Shi PJ, Reddy GV, Chen L, Ge F (2015) Comparison of thermal performance equations in describing temperature-dependent developmental rates of insects: (I) empirical models. Ann Entomol Soc Am 109(2):211–215
Srivastava AS, Katiyar SSL, Awasthi BK, Srivastava KM, Nigam PM (1971) Field assessment of aphid population on potato crop. Zeitschrift Für Angewandte Entomologie 69(1–4):44–48
Taylor F (1981) Ecology and evolution of physiological time in insects. Am Nat 117:1–23
Trivedi TP, Khurana SMP, Puri SN, Bhar LM, Mehta SC, Jain RC, Singh G, Chaudhari SM, Mohasin M, Dhandapani A, Naveen C (2002) Development of forewarning system of potato aphid (Myzus persicae) on potato (Solanum tuberosum) in India. Indian J Agric Sci 72(6):341–345
Verma KD, Chauhan RS (1993) The life-cycle of potato vector, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in India. Curr Sci 65(6):488–489
Welch BL (1947) The generalization of student’s’ problem when several different population variances are involved. Biometrika 34(1/2):28–35
Whalon ME, Smilowitz Z (1977) Determination of constant temperature developmental thresholds for Myzus persicae (Sulz.). NY Entmol Soc 85:206
Whalon ME, Smilowitz Z (1979) Temperature-dependent model for predicting field populations of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Can Entomol 111(9):1025–1032
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Zahoor A. Ganie, Global R&D Scientist with FMC Corporation, for his helpful advice on the statistical analyses, and critical comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
MA Shah and VK Dua conceived and designed the study. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by MA Shah, Raj Kumar and Sanjeev Sharma. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MA Shah and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Informed consent
Not applicable.
Research involving human participants and/or animals
The research did not involve Human Participants and/or Animals.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest (financial or non-financial).
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The original version of this article was revised: the affiliation details of the second author were incorrectly given and should only have indicated ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute-Regional Station, Jalandhar, Punjab 144003, India.
Supplementary information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shah, M.A., Kumar, R., Sharma, S. et al. Thermal requirement and temperature thresholds for development of peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on potato in the subtropical plains of India. Int J Trop Insect Sci 42, 2513–2520 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00779-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00779-6