Abstract
The plant-microbiota relationship is increasingly recognized as a critical component in the conservation and management of native plants and ecosystems in the subtropical region of Uruguay in Southeastern South America. We explored the culturable endophytic microbiota of seeds from five native riparian species and one non-native invasive species. Seeds were surface sterilized, macerated with mortar and pestle, and plated onto one nutrient-rich medium, three lacking nitrogen (N), and one selective medium for phosphorus (P) solubilization ability. Genes of 16S rRNA of all isolates were sequenced, and a subgroup of 55 were tested for pectinase activity, Fusarium antagonism, and seedling growth promotion, thus obtaining a group of isolates of potential biotechnological interest. A total of 228 bacterial isolates were obtained, belonging to 28 genera. The most abundant genus was Pseudomonas (32%), found in all plant species, and 26% of the isolates were Gram positive, mostly Bacilli. Of the 93 potentially different strains, 79.5% were isolated from a single medium and only 3.2% were obtained from four combined media. The number of potentially different strains obtained from each host ranged from 6 to 24, which is expected for seed-associated culturable bacteria. Six of the tested isolates presented at least 2 biotechnologically desirable traits, and one of these isolates promoted growth in 48 day-old seedlings of the native tree species Erythrina crista-galli. This study contributes to understanding the taxonomic and functional biodiversity of seed-associated endophytic bacteria of South American forest ecosystems, and opens a gate to future research in microbial ecology, forest regeneration and biotechnology.
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Acknowledgements
This study was funded by the Comisión Administradora del Río Uruguay (CARU) through a formal agreement with the CENUR Litoral Norte of the University of the Republic of Uruguay in 2019-2021. We are grateful to the National System of Protected Areas of the Uruguayan Ministry of Environment for site access and to park rangers from Montes del Queguay and Esteros de Farrapos e Islas del Rio Uruguay that participated in seed collection.
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Jauri, P.V., Silva, C., Trasante, T. et al. Exploration of seed culturable microbiota for the conservation of South American riparian forests. Environmental Sustainability 6, 359–371 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-023-00280-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-023-00280-x