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The Removal Efficiency of Cadmium (Cd2+) and Lead (Pb2+) from Aqueous Solution by Graphene Oxide (GO) and Magnetic Graphene Oxide (α-Fe2O3/GO)

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Abstract

In this study, the modified Hummer method was used to prepare graphene oxide (GO) and magnetic graphene oxide (α-Fe2O3/GO). The as-obtained Go and α-Fe2O3/GO were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer Emmett Teller. The adsorptive capacity of these materials towards cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) has been studied. An adsorption process with regeneration was carried out, such as equilibrium time, effect of the initial concentration of Cd2+ and Pb2+, effect of the amount of the GO, and α-Fe2O3/GO and pH effect. The adsorption of an aqueous solution of Cd2+ and Pb2+ with an initial concentration of 10–3 M of the two heavy metals onto 0.1 g of the prepared materials reached an equilibrium time in 2 h with an adsorption rate of more than 90% for both metals. The fine morphology of the adsorbents facilitated the rapid diffusion of the metals studied in the pores, which increased the kinetic. The kinetics can be described by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 = 0.993 and R2 = 0.997 for Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The thermodynamic study reveals that the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic, and random as temperature increases. The adsorption mechanism included physical adsorption, ion exchange and possibly surface complexation. According to the results obtained and the ease of obtaining α-Fe2O3/GO, we can say that it is a promising adsorbent for Cd2+ and Pb2+. The magnetic nanoparticle α-Fe2O3/GO can be recovered using a magnet. As a result, it is a reusable and recyclable adsorbent.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Combustion, Detonation and Ballistics Research Laboratory, AMC, Tipaza, Algeria

    M. Kadari, M. Makhlouf, O. Ould Khaoua & M. Kesraoui

  2. Energy and Nanotechnology Processes Laboratory ex FUNDPAL, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria

    M. Kadari, M. Makhlouf, S. Bouriche & Z. Benmaamar

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  1. M. Kadari
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Kadari, M., Makhlouf, M., Khaoua, O.O. et al. The Removal Efficiency of Cadmium (Cd2+) and Lead (Pb2+) from Aqueous Solution by Graphene Oxide (GO) and Magnetic Graphene Oxide (α-Fe2O3/GO). Chemistry Africa 6, 1515–1528 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-023-00586-7

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