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Selectivity engineering in catalysis by ruthenium nanoparticles supported on heteropolyacid-encapsulated MOF-5: one-pot synthesis of allyl 4-cyclohexanebutyrate and kinetic modeling

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Abstract

Functionalized metal-organic framework containing a heteropolyacid such as dodecatungstophosphoric (DTP)-encapsulated MOF-5 was synthesized by an in situ method and then ruthenium was incorporated by incipient wetness impregnation. A multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst, 1% Ru-15%DTP@MOF-5 with active acid and the metal sites make it the most efficient catalyst. For acid sites, dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP) was encapsulated into MOF-5 and ruthenium was loaded as metal sites. Its activity was examined in the one-pot synthesis of allyl 4-cyclohexanebutyrate, a flavoring agent, by esterification of 4-phenylbutyric acid with allyl alcohol followed by aromatic ring hydrogenation using molecular hydrogen. Esterification of 4-phenylbutyric acid with allyl alcohol gives allyl 4-phenylbutyrate which is further hydrogenated to give allyl 4-cyclohexanebutyrate. The octahedral cubic morphology of MOF-5 was retained even after DTP encapsulation and loading of ruthenium. Catalyst screening for esterification step was carried out by varying loadings of DTP (10, 15, and 20%) on MOF-5. Among these, 15% DTP-loaded MOF-5 showed the best catalytic activity. For selective aromatic ring hydrogenation, different metals such as Pd, Re, Ru, and Rh were examined and it was found that the Ru-based catalyst resulted in the highest conversion of allyl 4-phenylbutyrate (89.63%) and selectivity for allyl 4-cyclohexanebutyrate (96.52%). 1% Ru-15% DTP@MOF-5 catalyst was thermally stable and five times reusable. For both the steps, the kinetics was studied using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) mechanism and the apparent activation energy for esterification was calculated as 13.34 kcal/mol and that for hydrogenation as 14.87 kcal/mol.

Selectivity engineering in catalysis by ruthenium nanoparticles supported on heteropolyacid-encapsulated MOF-5: one-pot synthesis of allyl 4-cyclohexanebutyrate and kinetic modeling

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Abbreviations

DTP:

Dodecatungstophosphoric acid

TEA:

Triethyl amine

DMF:

N,N-Dimethylformamide

HPA:

Heteropolyacid

FCC:

Face-centered-cubic

A :

4-Phenylbutyric acid

B :

Allyl alcohol

C :

Allyl 4-phenylbutyrate

D :

Water

G :

Allyl 4-cyclohexanebutyrate

H :

Hydrogen

K A :

adsorption constant for A (L/mol)

KB :

adsorption constant for B (L/mol)

K C :

adsorption constant for C (L/mol)

K H :

adsorption constant for hydrogen (L/mol)

CA :

Concentration of A (mol/L)

C B :

Concentration of B (mol/L)

C C :

Concentration of C (mol/L)

C D :

Concentration of D (mol/L)

C E :

Concentration of E (mol/L)

S 1 :

Acid site

S 2 :

Metal site

w:

Catalyst loading (g/L)

k, k 1 :

Rate constants with appropriate units

M :

Mole ratio of intial concentration of B to A, CB0/CA0

C t :

Total concentration of catalytic sites (mol/L)

XA :

Fractional conversion of A

XC :

Fractional conversion of C

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Acknowledgments

D. P. Wagh acknowledges University Grants Commission (UGC) for awarding the BSR Senior Research Fellowship under its SAP programme in Green Technology. G. D. Yadav acknowledges support from the R. T. Mody Distinguished Professor Endowment, Tata Chemicals Darbari Seth Distinguished Professor of Leadership and Innovation, and J. C. Bose National Fellowship of Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400 019, India

    Dipti P. Wagh & Ganapati D. Yadav

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Wagh, D.P., Yadav, G.D. Selectivity engineering in catalysis by ruthenium nanoparticles supported on heteropolyacid-encapsulated MOF-5: one-pot synthesis of allyl 4-cyclohexanebutyrate and kinetic modeling. emergent mater. 3, 965–988 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-020-00139-5

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