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Water modeling on fluid flow and mixing phenomena in a BOF steelmaking converter

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Abstract

A 1:8 physical water model was constructed to investigate the fluid flow and mixing phenomena in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) converter. The particle image velocimetry was employed to measure the velocity distribution of the bath and the high-speed camera was applied to capture the cavity shape in the combined blowing BOF converter. The mixing time for varied operating conditions was measured by the stimulus-response approach. The cavity depth increased with the decrease in the lance height and the increase in the top gas flow rate while the bottom blowing gas had little influence on the cavity depth. The minimum cavity depth was obtained under the condition of a 69.8 m3/h top gas flow rate, a 287.5 mm lance height and a 0.93 m3/h bottom blowing gas flow rate, which was 161.2 mm. The mixing time decreased as the lance height decreased and the top blowing gas flow rate increased. The mixing time was first decreased and then increased with the increase in the bottom gas flow rate. With the condition of 69.8 m3/h gas flow rate of top blowing, the 287.5 mm lance height and the 0.93 m3/h gas flow rate of bottom blowing, the mixing time in the converter was 48.65 s. The empirical formula between the stirring power and the mixing time in the converter was calculated.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20171) and the High Steel Center (HSC) at North China University of Technology and University of Science and Technology Beijing, China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, 100083, China

    Xin-yu Cai, Hao-jian Duan, Ding-han Li & An-jun Xu

  2. School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, China

    Li-feng Zhang

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  1. Xin-yu Cai
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Correspondence to Li-feng Zhang.

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Li-feng Zhang is an editorial board member and Hao-jian Duan is a youth editorial board member for Journal of Iron and Steel Research International and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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Cai, Xy., Duan, Hj., Li, Dh. et al. Water modeling on fluid flow and mixing phenomena in a BOF steelmaking converter. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 31, 595–607 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-023-01072-7

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