Model study of mixing and mass transfer rates of slag-metal in top and bottom blown converters

Abstract

Water model experiments have been conducted to clarify mixing rates of molten steel and mass transfer rates between slag and metal in LD and Q-BOP furnaces using six different circular tuyere arrangements. Splashing and ‘spitting’ were also examined with a view to finding a quiet bath with minimum mixing time and maximum mass transfer rate. Froude’s similarity criterion was fulfilled to determine gas flow rate and bath depth. Complete mixing time of water determined by tracer technique had been 0.9 second to 1.8 seconds for Q-BOP as compared to 6 seconds to 13 seconds for LD. This shows that the stirring intensity in Q-BOP is remarkably larger than that of LD. A simple relationship τ = 5.9(Q/N) ^−0.49 was obtained with gas flow rateQ and number of tuyereN. This indicates that flow rate of gas per tuyere should be intensified to realize better mixing. Mass transfer coefficient K_Ba for bottom blowing was found to be almost double that for top blowing. Of all the tuyere configurations studied for Q-BOP’s, a half circular tuyere arrangement was found to be the best considering all aspects of mixing, mass transfer, and bath agitation.