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Zinc oxide nanoparticles: biogenesis and applications against phytopathogens

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Abstract

Plant diseases and pests are responsible for 20–40% crop losses annually, threatening food security. Agrichemicals are extensively used to manage diseases and pests but their use is raising concerns due to their toxicity to humans and the environment. Nanotechnology has the potency of transforming the pesticide industry by decreasing toxicity, extending durability, and enhancing the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble pesticides, which can all positively influence the environment. Biogenic-based synthesis of nanoparticles like zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are of high interest for various applications such as the management of plant diseases because of their distinctive characteristics compared with engineered nanomaterials synthesized from bulk minerals. The prospect of producing ZNPs with biological activity is of heightened interest for their application against plant pathogens. ZNPs have antimicrobial capabilities and their characteristics depend on their size, shape, and reactivity. As a result, microbe-mediated ZNPs synthesis has dramatically expanded in recent years as an alternative to chemical and physical synthesis methods. These ZNPs have promising targeted antimicrobial properties and low phytotoxicity activities, making them appealing for antiviral, antibacterial, and antimycotic activities against a variety of pathogenic microbes, and for improve agricultural productivity, although potential biosafety issues need to be considered.

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Abbreviations

NCPs:

Nanocrystalline Particles

NPs:

Nanoparticles

ZNPs:

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

ZnO:

Zinc Oxide

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

UV-Vis:

UV-visible spectrophotometry

XRD:

X-Ray Diffractometer

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

EDAX:

Energy dispersion analysis of X-ray

DLS:

Dynamic Light Scattering

AFM:

Atomic Force Microscopy

TG-DTA:

Thermal-Gravimetric Differential Thermal Analysis

XPS:

X-ray Photoelectron Thermal

PL:

Photoluminescence

TEM:

Transmission Electron Microscopy

TSWV:

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

TMV:

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Acknowledgements

We greatly appreciate the helpful comments from Prof. Dr. Marc Fuchs, School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, USA and Prof. Dr. Ernest C. Bernard, Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, USA about improving the quality of review paper.

Funding

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Fazal ur Rehman, Najeeba Paree Paker, Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis & Hassan Javed Chaudhary

  2. Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan

    Shafiq ur Rehman

  3. Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tariq Javed

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HJC and SUR conceptualized the article; FUR is the main author of this article and wrote the article draft; NPP helped in data collection; MTJ and MFHM revised the paper.

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Correspondence to Shafiq ur Rehman or Hassan Javed Chaudhary.

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Rehman, F.u., Paker, N.P., Rehman, S.u. et al. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: biogenesis and applications against phytopathogens. J Plant Pathol 106, 45–65 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01522-x

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