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PeriFast/Corrosion: A 3D Pseudospectral Peridynamic MATLAB Code for Corrosion

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Abstract

We introduce PeriFast/Corrosion, a MATLAB code that uses the fast convolution-based method (FCBM) for peridynamic (PD) models of corrosion damage. The FCBM uses the convolutional structure of PD equations and employs the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) to achieve a computational complexity of \(O(NlogN)\). PeriFast/Corrosion has significantly lower memory allocation needs, \(O(N)\), compared with, for example, the meshfree method with direct summation for PD models that requires \(O({N}^{2})\). The PD corrosion model and the fast convolution-based method are briefly reviewed, and the detailed structure of the code is presented. The code efficiently solves 3D uniform corrosion (example for copper) and pitting corrosion (example for stainless steel) problems with multiple growing and merging pits, set in a complicated shape sample. Discussions on possible immediate extensions of the code to other corrosion damage problems are provided. PeriFast/Corrosion is a branch of PeriFast codes and is freely available on GitHub [1].

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Data Availability

The source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/PeriFast/Code by clicking the green “Code” button and selecting “Download ZIP”. This will download all of the branches of the PeriFast code, at this time PeriFast/Corrosion and PeriFast/Dynamics, which solves dynamic fracture problems.

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Funding

This work has been supported by NSF CDS&E-CMMI grant No. 1953346 and by a Nebraska System Science award from the Nebraska Research Initiative. This work was completed utilizing the Holland Computing Center of the University of Nebraska, which receives support from the Nebraska Research Initiative.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA

    Longzhen Wang, Farzaneh Mousavi & Florin Bobaru

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA

    Siavash Jafarzadeh

Authors
  1. Longzhen Wang
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  2. Siavash Jafarzadeh
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  3. Farzaneh Mousavi
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  4. Florin Bobaru
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Contributions

L. W., S. J., and F. M. implemented and tested the computer code. All authors wrote the manuscript draft. F. B. acquired funding, designed and coordinated research plan, supervised the code implementation, and edited the manuscript and computer code.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Florin Bobaru.

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Appendix: The Influence of the Salt Layer

Appendix: The Influence of the Salt Layer

In this part, using a 2D version of the FCBM pitting corrosion code [21], we investigate the influence of the salt layer by running the same pitting corrosion example with and without considering the salt layer effect. The specimen’s configuration and boundary condition are shown in Fig. 11.

Fig. 11
figure 11

Boundary conditions and initial conditions of the 2D corrosion example

Full size image

The size of the 2D computational sample is \(1 \mathrm{mm}\times 1 \mathrm{mm}\). The material is stainless steel 304SS. The average charge number (\(n=2.19\)) [36] of 304SS is calculated from the charge number of Fe, Ni, Cr, and their mole fractions. The specimen is submerged in 1 M NaCl solution. The material properties are given [37]: \({C}_{\mathrm{Solid}}=143000 \mathrm{mol}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\) and\({C}_{\mathrm{sat}}=5100 \mathrm{mol}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}\). The initial current density in the experiment [38] is measured to be \(3.8 \mathrm{A}\cdot {\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\).

Fig. 12
figure 12

PeriFast/Corrosion results with salt layer (left), and without salt layer (right). The colors represent the metal concentration

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The simulation results with and without the salt layer can be found in Fig. 12. We can see that the salt layer at the pit bottom influences the pit’s shape and size. With the salt layer effect, the corrosion near the pit bottom is temporarily stopped, leading to the shallower pit shape. In cases when the current density is small and ions can be timely diffused out of the pit, the salt layer may not play an important role and can be ignored. A more detailed discussion of the salt layer effect can be found in [21].

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Wang, L., Jafarzadeh, S., Mousavi, F. et al. PeriFast/Corrosion: A 3D Pseudospectral Peridynamic MATLAB Code for Corrosion. J Peridyn Nonlocal Model 6, 62–86 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42102-023-00098-5

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