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Spatio-temporal Investigation of the Urban Thermal Comfort in Khulna City and Surrounding Areas

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Abstract

Rapid urbanization is posing a serious threat to high-density urban areas worldwide, particularly in developing countries, with urban thermal environment degradation becoming an impending concern. Such dreadful climatic events force these cities to examine and monitor the spatial variation of the microscale thermal environment in and around the city. Our study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of urban thermal comfort in the Khulna Development Authority (KDA) area, utilizing the Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI). The results indicate a worsening trend in urban thermal comfort, with the land surface temperature (LST) rising by approximately 4.75℃ between 2009 and 2020. During the same time, the minimum and maximum LST increased by 4.85℃ and 5.85℃, respectively, and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) increased by approximately 10%. We also found a strong positive correlation between multiple spectral indices and LST. Our analysis of the built-up area and vegetation indices showed an opposing trend, establishing a gradual decline in vegetation coverage and an increase in building footprint as the apparent causes of the temperature increase. This study's findings regarding the degradation of the thermal environment will guide policymakers to take action and implement measures to mitigate the effects.

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Data Availability

Most of the data is open source, and the sources are mentioned in the manuscript. The data used in this research can also be found upon request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA

    Torit Chakraborty

  2. Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA

    Md. Shaharier Alam

  3. Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403-3201, USA

    Md. Salman Bashit

  4. Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Md. Kamal Hosen

  5. Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Rakibul Ahasan

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Contributions

The authors confirm their contribution to the paper as follows:

• Study Conception and Design: Torit Chakraborty, Md Shaharier Alam.

• Data Collection: Md Salman Bashit and Md. Kamal Hosen.

• Analysis and Interpretation of Results: Torit Chakraborty, Md Shaharier Alam, Md Salman Bashit, and Rakibul Ahasan

• Draft Manuscript Preparation: All authors contributed to draft manuscript preparation, reviewing the results, and approving the final version of the manuscript.

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Chakraborty, T., Alam, M., Bashit, M. et al. Spatio-temporal Investigation of the Urban Thermal Comfort in Khulna City and Surrounding Areas. Remote Sens Earth Syst Sci 6, 167–187 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-023-00088-7

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