Abstract
Urban growth is the most evident aspect of anthropogenic impact on the earth system, replacing the natural physical characteristics of earth’s surface and thus influencing the thermal environment. The resulting thermal environment impact is especially observed in developing countries like Bangladesh. In this study, we assess, evaluate, and explore the growth of urban areas over Bangladesh for summer and winter seasons of 2003–2013 using Landsat-7 ETM+. We integrate the expected urban growth scenarios with the thermal environment through demographic, environmental, and physical datasets and also predict urban growth. We delineated urban areas over Bangladesh using Impervious Surface Area (ISA) with 90% accuracy and observed a 128% increase in urban areas during the 10 years. We used multivariate technique with satellite-derived land surface temperature, Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity (SUHII), Albedo and artificial heat flux in identifying the urban hotspots in various cities over Bangladesh. The results indicate an increase in urban areas in the first 5 years (2003–2008) by over 100% and in the next 5 years (2008–2013) by 200% mainly due to lack of urban planning policies. Our results indicate an enormous increase of 167% in Urban Heat Island Effect Ratio (UHIER) during the period. We also used advanced statistical analysis to assess the relationship between selected demographic (population), environmental (PM2.5, PM10, relative humidity, and air temperature) and physical parameters (Urbanization Index and Urban Density Cluster) and identified parameters which are most influencing to the thermal environment. Our results suggest the significant increase in UHIER by 2018 over major cities in Bangladesh. To reduce the influence of urban growth on thermal environment, we recommend mitigation measures useful for urban planners and decision makers to ensure safety and public health in Bangladesh.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Badarinath KVS, Kharol SK, Latha KM, Chand TR, Prasad VK, Jyothsna AN, Samatha K (2007) Multiyear ground-based and satellite observations of aerosol properties over a tropical urban area in India. Atmos Sci Lett 8(1):7–13
Badarinath KVS, Kharol SK, Krishna Prasad V, Kaskaoutis DG, Kambezidis HD (2008) Variation in aerosol properties over Hyderabad, India during intense cyclonic conditions. Int J Remote Sens 29(15):4575–4597
Badarinath KVS, Sharma AR, Kharol SK, Prasad VK (2009) Variations in CO, O3 and black carbon aerosol mass concentrations associated with planetary boundary layer (PBL) over tropical urban environment in India. J Atmos Chem. 62(1):73–86
Biswas S, Vadrevu KP, Lwin ZM, Lasko K, Justice CO (2015) Factors controlling vegetation fires in protected and non-protected areas of Myanmar. PLoS One. 10(4):e0124346
Chakraborty SD, Kant Y, Mitra D (2013) Assessment of land surface temperature and heat fluxes over Delhi using remote sensing data. J Environ Manag. 148:143–152
Grind V d, Owe M (1993) On the relationship between thermal emissivity and NDVI for natural surface. Int J Remote Sens 14:1119–1131
Guo Z, Wang SD, Cheng MM, Shu Y (2012) Assess the effect of different degrees of urbanization on land surface temperature using remote sensing images. Proc Environ Sci 13:935–942
Gyanesh C, Markham BL, Helder DL (2009) Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 Ali sensors. Remote Sens Environ 113(5):893–903
Hayasaka H, Noguchi I, Putra EI, Yulianti N, Vadrevu K (2014) Peat-fire-related air pollution in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Environ Pollut (195):257–266
Imhoff ML, Zhang P, Wolfe RE, Lahouari B (2010) Remote sensing of the urban heat island effect across biomes in the continental USA. Remote Sens Environ 114(3):504–513
Le TH, Nguyen TNT, Lasko K, Ilavajhala S, Vadrevu KP, Justice C (2014) Vegetation fires and air pollution in Vietnam. Environ Pollut 195:267–275
Li CF, Yin J-Y (2013) A study on urban thermal field of shanghai using multi-source remote sensing data. J Indian Soc Remote Sens. 41(4):1009–1019
Liang S (2000) Narrowband to broadband conversions of land surface albedo: I Algorithms. Remote Sens Environ 76(2):213–218
Liang S, Shuey CJ, Russ AL, Fang H, Chen M, Walthall CL, Daughtry CST, Hunt R Jr (2002) Narrowband to broadband conversions of land surface albedo: II Validation. Remote Sens Environ. 84:25–41
Mallick J, Yogesh K, Bharath BD (2008) Estimation of land surface temperature over Delhi using Landsat-7 ETM+. J Indian Geophys Union 12(3):117–126
Mallick J, Rahman A, Singh CK (2013) Modeling urban heat island in heterogeneous land surface and its correlation with impervious surface area by using night-time aster satellite data in highly urbanizing city, Delhi-India. Adv Space Res 52(4):639–655
Peng S, Piao S, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Ottle C, Bréon F-M, Nan H, Zhou L, Myneni RB (2012) Surface urban heat island across 419 global big cities. Environ Sci Technol. 46(2):696–703
Population and Housing Census (2011) Socio-economic and demographic report. 2012. Statistics and Informatics Division (SID), Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Prasad VK, Kant Y, Gupta PK, Elvidge C, Badarinath KVS (2002) Biomass burning and related trace gas emissions from tropical dry deciduous forests of India: a study using DMSP-OLS data and ground-based measurements. Int J Remote Sens. 23(14):2837–2851
Prasad VK, Badarinath KVS, Eaturu A (2008) Effects of precipitation, temperature and topographic parameters on evergreen vegetation greenery in the Western Ghats, India. Int J Climatol. 28(13):1807–1819
Roy S (2011) Impact of urbanization on microclimatic change of Dhaka City: an analytical approach. Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany. ISBN: 978-3-8443-2591-1
United Nations (2008) An overview of urbanization, internal migration, population distribution and development in the world. United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, New York
United Nations (2011) Urban agglomerations. Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York
United Nations (2014) Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352)
Vadrevu KP, Badarinath KVS, Anuradha E (2008) Spatial patterns in vegetation fires in the Indian region. Environ Monit Assess. 147(1–3):1–13
Vadrevu KP, Csiszar I, Ellicott E, Giglio L, Badarinath KVS, Vermote E, Justice C (2013) Hotspot analysis of vegetation fires and intensity in the Indian region. IEEE J Select Topics Appl Earth Observ Remote Sens. 6(1):224–238
Vadrevu KP, Lasko K, Giglio L, Justice C (2014) Analysis of Southeast Asian pollution episode during June 2013 using satellite remote sensing datasets. Environ Pollut. 195:245–256
Vadrevu KP, Lasko K, Giglio L, Justice C (2015) Vegetation fires, absorbing aerosols and smoke plume characteristics in diverse biomass burning regions of Asia. Environ Res Lett. 10(10):105003
Vay SA, Choi Y, Vadrevu KP, Blake DR, Tyler SC, Wisthaler A, Hecobian A, Kondo Y, Diskin GS, Sachse GW, Woo JH (2011) Patterns of CO2 and radiocarbon across high northern latitudes during International Polar Year 2008. J Geophys Res Atmos 116(D14)
Xiong Y, Huang S, Chen F, Ye H, Wang C, Zhu C (2012) The impacts of rapid urbanization on the thermal environment: a remote sensing study of Guangzhou, South China. Remote Sens. 4:2033–2056
Yogesh K, Badarinath KVS (2002) Ground based method for measuring thermal infrared effective emissivity: implication and perspective on the measurement of land surface temperature from satellite data. Int J Remote Sens. 23(11):2179–2191
Yogesh K, Ghosh AB, Sharma MC, Gupta PK, Prasad VK, Badarinath KVS, Mitra AP (2000) Studies on aerosol optical depth in biomass burning areas using satellite and ground-based observations. Infrared Phys Technol. 41(1):21–28
Yogesh K, Bharath BD, Mallick J (2009) Satellite based analysis of the role of LU/LC and vegetation density on surface temperature regime of Delhi. J Indian Soc Remote Sens. 37(2):201–214
Yogesh K, Javed M, Atiqur R (2010) Assessment of diurnal urban surface temperature and impervious surface of Delhi and its relationship using multi-spectral satellite data. Indian J Geophys Union 14(4)
Yuan F, Bauer ME (2007) Comparison of impervious surface area and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of surface urban heat island effects in landsat imagery. Remote Sens Environ. 106(3):375–386
Yuan D, Elvidge CD (1996) Comparison of relative radiometric normalization techniques. ISPRS Journal of Photogramm Remote Sens 51(3):117–126
Acknowledgements
Mr. Saiful Azim is thankful to Chairman ISRO/CSSTEAP and Director, IIRS for giving opportunity to carry out work in India and fellowship for the research. Mr. Saiful is also thankful to Dr. Akhter Husain Choudhury from Bangladesh for allowing and sponsoring to undergo his research. The authors are grateful to respective organizations for encouragement and support provided during the progress of the work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kant, Y., Azim, S., Mitra, D. (2018). Analyzing the Influence of Urban Growth on Thermal Environment Through Demographic, Environmental, and Physical Parameters in Bangladesh. In: Vadrevu, K., Ohara, T., Justice, C. (eds) Land-Atmospheric Research Applications in South and Southeast Asia. Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67474-2_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67474-2_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67473-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67474-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)