Abstract
This study investigates the effect of microwave treatment on the disintegration of municipal activated sludge. Sludge samples underwent heating at a targeted temperature of 90 °C for 35 min, with a 5-min retention time. Soluble chemical oxygen demand, sugars, proteins, nitrogen, and phosphorus exhibited notable increases compared to untreated samples. Results indicate a substantial (42–45%) rise in CH4 production during the anaerobic digestion process of the disintegrated sludge compared to the untreated counterpart CH4 production was estimated using a transference model, which showed the best fit compared to other models. Further experimentation involved testing digested sludge with excess soluble NH4–N and PO4–P for the recovery of struvite at a 1.50/1/1 (Mg/N/P) ratio. The findings reveal that up to 90.1% and 90.4% of PO4–P and NH4–N, respectively, can be efficiently removed from the solution. Despite the increased CH4 output, the energy recovered was insufficient to offset the electrical energy used by the microwave. There was a significant deterioration in sludge filter resistance due to the increase in fine particles and bound water after anaerobic digestion of the pretreated sludge.
Graphical abstract
Highlights
-
Increasing the biodegradation rate of the pretreated reactors to more than 90%.
-
The methane yield rate for the MW pretreated reactors reached 45% compared to the control.
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Removal of ammonium and phosphorus by up to 90% after precipitation of the crystal in the form of struvite.
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Abbreviations
- AD:
-
Anaerobic digestion
- C1:
-
Control reactor with ration substrate: inoculum (1:1)
- C2:
-
Control reactor with ration substrate: inoculum (2:1)
- BMP:
-
Biochemical methane potential
- EPS:
-
Extracellular polymeric substances
- E O :
-
Energy output
- E i :
-
Energy input
- sCOD:
-
Soluble chemical oxygen demand
- MAP:
-
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
- MPS:
-
Microwave pretreated sludge
- MW:
-
Microwave
- MW1:
-
Pretreated reactor with ration substrate: inoculum (1:1)
- MW2:
-
Pretreated reactor with ration substrate: inoculum (2:1)
- RS:
-
Raw sludge
- SDD:
-
Sludge disintegration degree
- SRT:
-
Sludge retention time
- SS:
-
Suspended solids
- SFR:
-
Sludge filter resistance
- tBMP:
-
Theoretical biochemical methane potential
- TS:
-
Total solids
- VS:
-
Volatile solids
- VSS:
-
Volatile suspended solids
- WBS:
-
Waste biosludge
- BSA:
-
Bovine serum albumin
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The authors extend their gratitude to the staff of the Environmental Engineering Department laboratories at Sivas Cumhuriyet University for their assistant.
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This study received support from The Research Fund of Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP) under Grant No. M-2022-838 in Sivas, Turkey.
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Alhraishawi, A., Aslan, S. & Ozturk, M. Methane Production and Nutrient Recovery After Applying Microwave Technology in Sewage Sludge Pretreatment. Int J Environ Res 18, 35 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-024-00589-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-024-00589-3