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Unraveling Microbes as Potential Proxies for Remediation of Heavy Metal and Pesticide Contamination: A State-of-the Art Review

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Abstract

The stability of ecosystem and the well-being of humans have been significantly impacted by the contamination of heavy metals and pesticides, primarily due to their resistance, persistence, and high toxicity. Consequently, this paper attempts to provide a comprehensive elucidation of the bioremediation capabilities of microorganisms, considering the current environmental and health risks posed by these pollutants. This review has systematically discussed and analyzed the recent reports (2012–2023) on the applications of microbes for removal of heavy metals and degradation of pesticides, with the objective of understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with microbial behavior in diverse habitats. The study advocated the utilization of specific microorganisms, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Jeotgalicoccus sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium chrysogenum, and Chlorella vulgaris for the remediation of cadmium, arsenic, chromium, lead, copper, mercury, and nickel. Similarly, Bacillus sp., Aspergillus sydowii, Pseudomonas putida, and Cordyceps militaris have demonstrated significant potential for remediating cypermethrin, organo-phosphate, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and trichlorodibenzofuran. In addition, a brief explanation of molecular methods that aid in the bioremediation process has also been discussed. The paper also highlights the importance of evaluating the efficacy of microbial remediation methods and summarizes the existing assessment approaches. In conclusion, this paper highlights the importance of a universally designed assessment framework to support decisions and actions aimed at reducing environmental pollution. It emphasizes that such a framework is crucial in preventing unintentional worsening of environmental concerns.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • Microbe exertion is a promising tool in environmental remediation.

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa bioaccumulate Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni.

  • Bacillus aryabhattai degrades chlorpyrifos and parathion pesticides.

  • Chlorella sp. reveals higher biosorption for Cu, Cr, Cd, Hg and Zn.

  • Omics-based methods enhance bioremediation mechanisms of microbes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir for offering facilities to make this investigation possible. The author Shahnawaz Hassan acknowledges the fellowship received from University Grants Commission for his Ph.D. work (beneficiary Code BININ01669533). Vineet Kumar gratefully acknowledges the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India for providing National Postdoctoral fellowship (F.No.PDF/2022/000038).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India

    Sabreena & Shahnawaz Hassan

  2. Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandar Sindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India

    Vineet Kumar

  3. River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Sartaj Ahmad Bhat

  4. Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India

    Bashir Ahmad Ganai

Authors
  1. Sabreena
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  2. Shahnawaz Hassan
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  3. Vineet Kumar
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  4. Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
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  5. Bashir Ahmad Ganai
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Contributions

Sabreena: conceptualization, visualization, software, writing—original draft preparation; SH: conceptualization, visualization, software, writing—original draft preparation; VK: writing—reviewing and editing; SAB: writing—reviewing and editing; BAG: conceptualization, supervision; resources; writing—reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Sartaj Ahmad Bhat or Bashir Ahmad Ganai.

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Sabreena, Hassan, S., Kumar, V. et al. Unraveling Microbes as Potential Proxies for Remediation of Heavy Metal and Pesticide Contamination: A State-of-the Art Review. Int J Environ Res 17, 55 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00544-8

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