Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A critical assessment of existing prediction models on the shear capacity of recycled aggregate concrete beams

  • Technical paper
  • Published:
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The open literature evidently indicates that the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams is adversely affected by the replacement of natural concrete aggregate by recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), and several equations for estimating the shear capacity were proposed. This paper provides a critical assessment of the existing prediction equations for estimating the shear capacity of RAC beams. The assessment is conducted utilizing Bayesian parameter estimation for comparison between the seventeen existing prediction models of the shear capacity of RAC beams. This robust assessment technique against false conclusions yields more informative and richer inferences than a mere comparison with the experimental shear capacities by providing a complete distribution of the mean and standard deviation of the quality of the prediction (i.e., test-to-predict shear values). A clear ranking of the existing prediction equations is performed based on the degree of conservatism and uniformity of the design provided by each of the shear strength prediction equations. This paper also directly addresses the significant parameters that influence the shear strength of RAC beams based on the grey correlation analysis (GCA) and check whether the existing prediction equations include these important parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Code and data availability

The code and data that support the findings in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Meyer C (2002) Concrete and sustainable development. ACI Spec Publ 206:501–512

    Google Scholar 

  2. Marinković S, Radonjanin V, Malešev M, Ignjatović I (2010) Comparative environmental assessment of natural and recycled aggregate concrete. Waste Manag 30(11):2255–2264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Meyer C (2009) The greening of the concrete industry. Cem Concr Compos 31(8):601–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sakai K (2005) Environmental design for concrete structures. J Adv Concr Technol 3(1):17–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Symonds A, Cowi PRC (2012) Bouwcentrum (1999) Construction and demolition waste management practices and their economic impact. Report of the Project Group to the European Commission

  6. Oikonomou ND (2005) Recycled concrete aggregates. Cem Concr Compos 27(2):315–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ignjatović IS, Marinković SB, Mišković ZM, Savić AR (2013) Flexural behavior of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams under short-term loading. Mater Struct 46(6):1045–1059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Poon CS, Kou SC, Lam L (2007) Influence of recycled aggregate on slump and bleeding of fresh concrete. Mater Struct 40(9):981–988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sato R, Maruyama I, Sogabe T, Sogo M (2007) Flexural behavior of reinforced recycled concrete beams. J Adv Concr Technol 5(1):43–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fathifazl G, Razaqpur AG, Isgor OB, Abbas A, Fournier B, Foo S (2009) Flexural performance of steel-reinforced recycled concrete beams. ACI Struct J. https://doi.org/10.1435/51663187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fathifazl G, Razaqpur AG, Isgor OB, Abbas A, Fournier B, Foo S (2011) Shear capacity evaluation of steel reinforced recycled concrete (RRC) beams. Eng Struct 33(3):1025–1033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gonzalez-Fonteboa B, Martinez-Abella F (2007) Shear strength of recycled concrete beams. Constr Build Mater 21(4):887–893

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Xiao J, Sun Y, Falkner H (2006) Seismic performance of frame structures with recycled aggregate concrete. Eng Struct 28(1):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ajdukiewicz AB, Kliszczewicz AT (2007) Comparative tests of beams and columns made of recycled aggregate concrete and natural aggregate concrete. J Adv Concr Technol 5(2):259–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Knaack AM, Kurama YC (2015) Behavior of reinforced concrete beams with recycled concrete coarse aggregates. J Struct Eng 141(3):B4014009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Arezoumandi M, Smith A, Volz JS, Khayat KH (2014) An experimental study on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams with 100% recycled concrete aggregate. Constr Build Mater 53:612–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. B. S. EN (2009) 12390-6. Testing hardened concrete. In: Tensile splitting strength of test specimens. BSI (2009)

  18. Arezoumandi M, Drury J, Volz JS, Khayat KH (2015) Effect of recycled concrete aggregate replacement level on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams. ACI Mater J 112(4):559

    Google Scholar 

  19. Choi HB, Yi C, Cho HH, Kang KI (2010) Experimental study on the shear strength of recycled aggregate concrete beams. Mag Concr Res 62(2):103–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ignjatović IS, Marinković SB, Tošić N (2017) Shear behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete beams with and without shear reinforcement. Eng Struct 141:386–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rahal KN, Alrefaei YT (2017) Shear strength of longitudinally reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams. Eng Struct 145:273–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A. C. I. Committee (2019) Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-19) and commentary

  23. EtxeberriaLarrañaga M (2004) Experimental study on microstructure and structural behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

    Google Scholar 

  24. Etxeberria M, Marí AR, Vázquez E (2007) Recycled aggregate concrete as structural material. Mater Struct 40(5):529–541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Tošić N, Marinković S, Ignjatović I (2016) A database on flexural and shear strength of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams and comparison to Eurocode 2 predictions. Constr Build Mater 127:932–944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. B. Standard (2004) Eurocode 2: design of concrete structures—part 1, vol 1, p 230

  27. Pradhan S, Kumar S, Barai SV (2018) Shear performance of recycled aggregate concrete beams: An insight for design aspects. Constr Build Mater 178:593–611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kruschke J (2014) Doing Bayesian data analysis: a tutorial with R, JAGS, and Stan

  29. I. S. Indian Standard (2000) 456 (2000) Indian standard for plain and reinforced concrete code of practice. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  30. B. Standard (1997) Structural use of concrete. Part 1: code of practice for design and construction. BS8110-1

  31. Bažant ZP, Yu Q (2005) Designing against size effect on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams without stirrups: I. Formulation. J Struct Eng 131(12):1877–1885

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bažant ZP, Yu Q (2005) Designing against size effect on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams without stirrups: II. Verification and calibration. J Struct Eng 131(12):1886–1897

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Ceb-Fip M (1993) 90, Design of concrete structures. CEB-FIP Model Code 1990. British Standard Institution, London

    Google Scholar 

  34. Zsutty T (1971) Shear strength prediction for separate catagories of simple beam tests. J Proc 68(2):138–143

    Google Scholar 

  35. Zsutty TC (1968) Beam shear strength prediction by analysis of existing data. J Proc 65(11):943–951

    Google Scholar 

  36. Niwa J, Yamada K, Yokozawa K, Okamura H (1986) Revaluation of the equation for shear strength of reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement. Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu 1986(372):167–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Gastebled OJ, May IM (2001) Fracture mechanics model applied to shear failure of reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. Struct J 98(2):184–190

    Google Scholar 

  38. Kim J-K, Park Y-D (1996) Prediction of shear strength of reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement

  39. Rebeiz KS (1999) Shear strength prediction for concrete members. J Struct Eng 125(3):301–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. S. A. of N. Zealand (1984) Code of practice for general structural design and design loadings for buildings. Standards Association of New Zealand

    Google Scholar 

  41. Arslan G (2008) Shear strength of reinforced concrete beams with stirrups. Mater Struct 41(1):113–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Bazant ZP, Sun H-H (1987) Size effect in diagonal shear failure: influence of aggregate size and stirrups. ACI Mater J 84(4):259–272

    Google Scholar 

  43. Bazant ZP, Kim J-K (1984) Size effect in shear failure of longitudinally reinforced beams

  44. Russo G, Somma G, Mitri D (2005) Shear strength analysis and prediction for reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. J Struct Eng 131(1):66–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Caspeele R, Taerwe L (2012) Bayesian assessment of the characteristic concrete compressive strength using combined vague–informative priors. Constr Build Mater 28(1):342–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Müller D, Graubner C-A (2021) Assessment of masonry compressive strength in existing structures using a Bayesian method. ASCE-ASME J Risk Uncertain Eng Syst Part A Civ Eng 7(1):04020057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Olalusi OB, Viljoen C (2020) Model uncertainties and bias in SHEAR strength predictions of slender stirrup reinforced concrete beams. Struct Concr 21(1):316–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Papaioannou I, Betz W, Zwirglmaier K, Straub D (2015) MCMC algorithms for subset simulation. Probab Eng Mech 41:89–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Wang Z, Wang Q, Ai T (2014) Comparative study on effects of binders and curing ages on properties of cement emulsified asphalt mixture using gray correlation entropy analysis. Constr Build Mater 54:615–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Hu B, Wu Y-F (2018) Effect of shear span-to-depth ratio on shear strength components of RC beams. Eng Struct 168:770–783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Wu YF, Griffith MC, Oehlers DJ (2003) Improving the strength and ductility of rectangular reinforced concrete columns through composite partial interaction: tests. J Struct Eng 129(9):1183–1190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Wu Y-F, Liu T, Wang L (2008) Experimental investigation on seismic retrofitting of square RC columns by carbon FRP sheet confinement combined with transverse short glass FRP bars in bored holes. J Compos Constr 12(1):53–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Hong-Gun P, Choi K-K, Wight JK (2006) Strain-based shear strength model for slender beams without web reinforcement. ACI Struct J 103(6):783

    Google Scholar 

  54. Li W, Leung CKY (2016) Shear span–depth ratio effect on behavior of RC beam shear strengthened with full-wrapping FRP strip. J Compos Constr 20(3):04015067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Tompos EJ, Frosch RJ (2002) Influence of beam size, longitudinal reinforcement, and stirrup effectiveness on concrete shear strength. Struct J 99(5):559–567

    Google Scholar 

  56. Lee J-Y, Lee DH, Lee J-E, Choi S-H (2015) Shear behavior and diagonal crack width for reinforced concrete beams with high-strength shear reinforcement. ACI Struct J. https://doi.org/10.14359/51687422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Birrcher DB, Tuchscherer RG, Huizinga M, Bayrak O (2013) Minimum web reinforcement in deep beams. ACI Struct J 110(2):297–306

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, P.O. box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan

    Eman Saleh, Ahmad Tarawneh & Abdullah Alghossoon

Authors
  1. Eman Saleh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmad Tarawneh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abdullah Alghossoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eman Saleh.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Appendix

Appendix

See Fig.  9

Fig. 9
figure 9figure 9figure 9

Posterior distributions for assessment of different existing shear models

Full size image

.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Saleh, E., Tarawneh, A. & Alghossoon, A. A critical assessment of existing prediction models on the shear capacity of recycled aggregate concrete beams. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 7, 239 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-022-00839-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-022-00839-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation