Abstract
The influence of alternating magnetic field on hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) and microstructure of Al-5Cu alloy were studied using hot tearing test system and differential thermal analysis test. The Clyne-Davies model was used to evaluate the HTS of the alloy quantitatively under different magnetic current intensities (0A, 5A, 10A, 15A). The experimental results show that the HTS and microstructure of Al-5Cu alloy can be affected by imposing the alternating magnetic field during alloy solidification. In the range of 0–10A, with the increase of alternating magnetic field current intensity, there is strong forced convection in the molten metallic pool under the action of electromagnetic force, which leads to the fragmentation of dendrites and the grains refinement, optimizes the feeding channels between grains and reduces the HTS of the alloy. When the alternating magnetic field intensity is 15A, the grains become coarser due to the thermal effect of electromagnetic field, resulting in the deterioration of the feeding channel and the increase of HTS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.K. Sigworth, Inter. Metalcast. 15, 13–16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00475-6
E. Elgallad, F. Samuel, A. Samuel et al., Inter. Metalcast. 3, 29–41 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03355446
D. Masnur, V. Malau, S. Suyitno, Inter. Metalcast. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00598-4
D. Weiss, B. Murphy, M.J. Thompson et al., Thermomagnetic processing of aluminum alloys during heat treatment. Inter. Metalcast. 15, 49–59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00460-z
F. Dong, Y. Yi, C. Huang et al., Influence of cryogenic deformation on second-phase particles, grain structure and mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Mn Alloy. J. Alloy. Compd 827, 154300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154300
Y. Zhou, P. Mao, Z. Zhou et al., J. Magnes. Alloy 8, 1176–1185 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2020.03.005
M. Bellet, O. Cerri, M. Bobadilla et al., Metal. Mater. Trans. A 40, 2705–2717 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-9955-5
Wei, Z., Zhou, Z., Liu. S. (2021) Inter Metalcast doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00591-x
C. Zhou, J. Xu, T. Fan, Influence of genetic factors on hot cracking tendency of Al−Cu alloy. China Foundry 2, 46–48 (1999)
H. Kamali, M. Emamy, A. Razaghian, Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. 590, 161–167 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.10.032
C. Tao, X. Yuan, J. Liu, Effect of La on hot cracking susceptibility of Al-Cu-Mg alloy. Mater. Res. Express 6, 105–112 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab41c8
H. Liao, Y. Liu, C. Lu, Int. J. Cast. Metals Res. 28, 213–220 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1179/1743133615Y.0000000002
J. Han, J. Wang, M. Zhang et al., Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. Chin. 30, 2311–2325 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(20)65381
A. Hamadellah, A. Bouayad, C. Gerometta, Hot tear characterization of Al-Cu-5Mg-Ti and Al-9Si casting alloys using an instrumented constrained six rods casting method. J. Master. Process. Tech. 224, 282–288 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.01.030
Y. Zhou, P. Mao, Z. Wang et al., J. Mater. Process. Tech. 282, 116679 (2020)
Y. Jia, X. Chen, Q. Le, Macro-physical field of large diameter magnesium alloy billet electromagnetic direct-chill casting: a comparative study. J. Magnes. Alloy. 8, 716–730 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2020.03.006
M. Li, L.R. Cai, P.X. Liu, Adv. Mater. Res. 538–541, 1183–1186 (2012)
Z. Chen, G. Gao, L. Zhang et al., China Foundry 66, 238–241 (2017)
C. Ban, J. Cui, Q. Ba et al., Mater. Rev. 5, 95–96 (2004)
B. Zhang, J. Cui, G. Lu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 355, 325–330 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00105-9
X. Wang, J. Cui, Q. Zhu et al., Adv. Mater. Res. 97, 1012–1015 (2010)
Z. Ning, Z. Xu, W. Liang, Chin. J. Nonferrous. Met. 7, 129–133 (1997)
X. Du, F. Wang, Z. Wang et al., Mater. Res. Express (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab353a
Z. Wang, Y. Huang, A. Srinivasan, Experimental and numerical analysis of hot tearing susceptibility for Mg-Y alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 49, 353–362 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7712-z
X. Du, F. Wang, Z. Wang et al., Acta. Metall. Sin. (English Letters) 33, 1259–1270 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-020-01033-z
G. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z.J. Liu, Magnes. Alloy 7, 272–282 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2019.04.001
H. Dong, F. Wang, Z. Wang et al., Mater. Res. Express 5, 3 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aab2e5
F. Leng, F. Wang, Z. Wang et al., Hot tearing behavior of Mg−4Zn−xSn−0.6Zr alloys. Inter. Metalcast. 15, 292–305 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00464-9
H. Yu, S. Liu, L. Zhou et al., Study on solidification behavior and hot tearing susceptibility of Mg-2xY-xNi alloys. Inter. Metalcast 15, 995–1005 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00531-1
S. Bai, F. Wang, Z. Wang et al., Effect of Ca content on hot tearing susceptibility of Mg-4Zn-xCa-0.3Zr (x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) alloys. Inter Metalcast 15, 1298–1308 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00553-9
X. Li, S. Liu, Z. Liu et al., Influence of Nd on hot tearing susceptibility and mechanism of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 29, 6714–6726 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05144-7
Y. Zhu, Y. Zhang, X. Zeng, Effects of Yttrium on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 373, 320–327 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.007
Z. Wang, Y. Huang, A. Srinivasan et al., Hot tearing susceptibility of binary Mg-Y alloy castings. Mater. Des. 47, 90 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.044
X. Li, Z. Guo, X. Zhao et al., Continuous casting of copper tube billets under rotating electromagnetic field. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 460, 648–651 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.078
L. Li, B. Xu, W. Tong, Directional growth behavior of α(Al) dendrites during concentration-gradient controlled solidification process in static magnetic field. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 25, 2438–2445 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63860-2
S. Li, K. Sadayappan, D. Apelian, Role of grain refinement in the hot tearing of cast Al-Cu alloy. Metal. Mater. Trans. B. 44, 614–623 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-013-9801-4
D ’Elia, F., Ravindran, C., Sediako, D., et al., Hot tearing mechanisms of B206 aluminum–copper alloy. Mater. Design 64, 44–55 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.07.024
Y. Liu, L. Zhan, Q. Ma et al., Effects of alternating magnetic field aged on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2219 aluminum alloy. J. Alloys. Compd. 647, 644–647 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.183
Du, X., Wang, F., Wang, Z. et al. Effect of addition of minor amounts of Sb and Gd on Hot Tearing Susceptibility of Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy. J. Magnes. Alloy. (2021) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
I. Farup, J.M. Drezet, M. Rappaz, In situ observation of hot tearing formation in succinonitrile-acetone. Acta Metall. 49, 1261 (2001)
Y. Yoshitake, K. Yamamoto, N. Sasaguri et al., Grain refinement of Al–2%Cu alloy using vibrating mold. Inter Metalcast 13, 553–560 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-018-0289-1
J. Shavadia, Y. Zheng, N. Maleki et al., Effect of Zn addition on hot tearing behavior of Mg-0.5Ca-xZn alloys. Mater. Design 87, 157–170 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.026
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from Innovation Talent Program in Sciences and Technologies for Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shenyang (RC200414), Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program, Scientific research fund project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (LJGD2020008), Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1907007), High Level Innovation Team of Liaoning Province (XLYC1908006), Youth Project of Liaoning Education Department (Nos. LQGD2019002 and LJGD2019004), Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province: (Grant Number 2019-ZD-0210), Joint Research Fund Liaoning-Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (2019JH3/30100014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Du, M., Wang, F., Du, X. et al. Effects of Alternating Magnetic Field on the Hot Tearing Susceptibility and Microstructure of Al-5Cu Alloy. Inter Metalcast 17, 373–385 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-022-00781-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-022-00781-1