Abstract
Groundwater pollution of arsenic and fluoride is a serious issue; it has gained a serious amount of consideration in the previous few years and the researchers are working towards various ways to control the pollution. They have got such great attention because of their ability, aggregation in the human body and toxicity. Fluoride and arsenic enter the drinking water resources through different sources. These contaminants also have an ill effect on the agriculture sector of the country as they pollute the soil and the crops. Human body is sensitive to arsenic. Arsenic gets into the body through arsenic-contaminated . As per BIS Standards the acceptable limit of Arsenic is 0.01 mg/l (ppm) or 10 µg/L (ppb) for water. In crops of wheat and paddy root, stem, leaf and grain contamination of arsenic was present. In some crops like wheat and paddy their roots have the highest arsenic concentration of 4.82 mg/kg and 40.3 mg/kg, respectively. WHO allowable limit is 1.0 mg/kg. The allowable limit of arsenic in water used for agricultural purposes is 0.10 mg/l as given by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). Many technologies based on adsorption, membrane process, oxidation, ion exchange and co precipitation are developed and used for the expulsion of arsenic from polluted water; creative innovations for the expulsion of arsenic from groundwater like phytoremediation, biological treatment, permeable reactive barriers and electro kinetic treatment are likewise being utilized to treat arsenic-contaminated water. These advances might be applied at full scale to treat arsenic-defiled springs. For the case of Fluoride it was observed that the majority of the states in India have crossed the permissible limitExcess fluoride in the drinking resources leads to fluorosis which does not have a cure.
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Baboo, H., Patel, T., Faldu, R. et al. A comprehensive and systematic study of fluoride and arsenic contamination and its impacts in India. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 8, 122 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00688-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00688-z