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Recent Studies on the Forced Convection of Nano-Fluids in Channels and Tubes: A Comprehensive Review

  • S.I. : Computations & Experiments on Dynamics of Complex Fluid & Structure
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Abstract

Nowadays, nanoparticles have been widely applied in liquids due to their great impact on the growth rate of heat transfer as well as the solutions for the problems raised from the use of particles larger than nano in various currents. Therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to study the research carried out in the field of forced heat transfer of nanofluids inside channels and pipes. In this way, the authors are reviewing articles starting from 2018 for channels and 2017 for tubes/pipes. All the articles that are in the above category have been studied from different viewpoints. In this article, first, the type of flow and the relations used in this field are introduced and by comparing the published articles in terms of methodology, type and size of nanoparticles, volumetric ratios of nanoparticles, flow conditions, etc., so that the effect of these parameters can be studied on heat transfer. The following is a statistical study of articles in this field, which includes all articles published from the beginning to the present, which have dealt with this issue in theory, numerical and experimental. As a result, it becomes clear that the special geometric properties of channels and pipes, the insertion of obstacles in the flow path with special conditions and characteristics, as well as the boundary conditions defined in recent studies have considerable influence on the growth of heat transfer rate and the improvement of system efficiency.

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Abbreviations

ρ:

Density

µ:

Thermal conductivity

\({C}_{p}\) :

Specific heat

k:

Thermal conductivity

\(\overrightarrow{v}\) :

Velocity

p :

Static pressure

\(\bar{\bar{\tau}}\)  :

Stress tensor

ρ \(\overrightarrow{g}\) :

Gravitational body force

\({\mu }_{q}\) :

Shear viscosity of phase q

\({\eta }_{q}\) :

Bulk viscosity of phase q

\(\overrightarrow{{v}_{p}}\) :

Velocity of phase p

\(\overrightarrow{{v}_{q}}\) :

Velocity of phase q

\({\rho }_{q}\) :

Density of phase q

\({\alpha }_{q}\) :

Volume fraction of phase q

\(\overrightarrow{{F}_{L,q}}\) :

Lift force

\(\overrightarrow{{F}_{V,q}}\) :

Virtual force

\({\rho }_{F}\) :

Fluid density

Φ:

Nanoparticle volume fraction

\({K}_{pq}\) :

Interphase momentum exchange coefficient

\({\rho }_{P}\) :

Particle density

\(\overrightarrow{{V}_{F}}\) :

Fluid phase velocity

\({S}_{m}\) :

Additional momentum between particles and fluid

\(\overrightarrow{{V}_{P}}\) :

Particle velocity

\({F}_{D}\left(\overrightarrow{{ V}_{F}}-\overrightarrow{{V}_{P}}\right)\) :

Resistance force per unit of particle mass

\(\overrightarrow{g}\left({\rho }_{P}-{\rho }_{F}\right)/{\rho }_{P}\) :

Force of gravity and buoyancy

\(\overrightarrow{F}\) :

Additional body force

\(\overrightarrow{{F}_{drag}}\) :

Drag force

λ:

Average of molecular free path

\({d}_{P}\) :

Nanoparticle diameter

\({F}_{B}\) :

Brownian force

\({F}_{L}\) :

Saffman’s lift force

\({F}_{P}\) :

Additional force

\({F}_{V}\) :

Virtual mass force

\({f}_{i}^{eq}\) :

Equilibrium distribution function

υ :

Kinematic viscosity

\({\tau }_{v}\) :

Relaxation time for the flow field

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    R. Ghasemiasl, S. Hashemi & T. Armaghani

  2. Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, Bordj Bou Arreridj, El-Anasser, Algeria

    T. Tayebi

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    M. S. Pour

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Ghasemiasl, R., Hashemi, S., Armaghani, T. et al. Recent Studies on the Forced Convection of Nano-Fluids in Channels and Tubes: A Comprehensive Review. Exp Tech 47, 47–81 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-022-00558-5

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