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Impact of variable fluid properties on forced convection of Fe3O4/CNT/water hybrid nanofluid in a double-pipe mini-channel heat exchanger

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to assess the hydrothermal performance of a non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and viscosity compared with a Newtonian hybrid nanofluid with constant thermophysical properties. A counter-current double-pipe mini-channel heat exchanger is studied to analyze the effects of the hybrid nanofluid. The nanofluid is employed as the coolant in the tube side, while the hot water flows in the annulus side. Two different nanoparticles including tetramethylammonium hydroxide-coated Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanoparticles and gum arabic-coated carbon nanotubes are used to prepare the water-based hybrid nanofluid. The results demonstrated that the non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid always has a higher heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient, and effectiveness than those of the Newtonian hybrid nanofluid, while the opposite is true for the pressure drop, pumping power, and performance evaluation criterion. Supposing that the Fe3O4-carbon nanotube/water hybrid nanofluid is a Newtonian fluid with constant thermal conductivity and viscosity, there leads to large error in the computation of pressure drop (1.5–9.71%), pumping power (1.5–9.71%), and performance evaluation criterion (18.24–19.60%), whereas the errors in the computation of heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient, and effectiveness are not considerable (less than 2.91%).

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Abbreviations

A :

Internal tube surface area (m2)

C min :

Minimum heat capacity rate (W K−1)

c p :

Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

D h :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

f :

Friction factor

h :

Convective heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

L :

Length (m)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

Nu :

Nusselt number

PEC :

Performance evaluation criterion

p :

Pressure (Pa)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (W)

Re :

Reynolds number

r i :

Inlet radius (m)

r o :

Outlet radius (m)

T :

Temperature (K)

ΔT LMTD :

Logarithmic mean temperature difference (K)

U :

Overall heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

u in :

Inlet velocity (m s−1)

V :

Velocity (m s−1)

\(\dot{V}\) :

Volumetric flow rate (m3 s−1)

\(\dot{W}\) :

Pumping power (W)

ε :

Heat exchanger effectiveness

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

φ :

Volume concentration of nanoparticles (%)

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

i:

Inlet

M:

Magnetite

N:

Newtonian

NN:

Non-Newtonian

nf:

Nanofluid

o:

Outlet

s:

Wall

w:

Water

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran

    Amin Shahsavar & Ali Godini

  2. Fluids and Thermal Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK

    Pouyan Talebizadeh Sardari

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

    Davood Toghraie

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam, 69315-516, Iran

    Hamzeh Salehipour

Authors
  1. Amin Shahsavar
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  2. Ali Godini
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  3. Pouyan Talebizadeh Sardari
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  5. Hamzeh Salehipour
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Correspondence to Davood Toghraie.

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Shahsavar, A., Godini, A., Sardari, P.T. et al. Impact of variable fluid properties on forced convection of Fe3O4/CNT/water hybrid nanofluid in a double-pipe mini-channel heat exchanger. J Therm Anal Calorim 137, 1031–1043 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-07997-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-07997-6

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