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MHD forced convection of MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid in a partially heated τ-shaped channel using LBM

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Abstract

Forced convection heat transfer of multi-wall carbon nanotubes–iron oxide nanoparticles/water hybrid nanofluid (MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid) inside a partially heated τ-shaped channel has been numerically investigated. The effect of magnetic field is taken into account. The governing equations are solved by the lattice Boltzmann method in the domain, and the results were compared with other numerical methods by an excellent agreement between them. The effects of parameters such as Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 60), volume fraction of nanoparticles (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.003) and different location of two heaters on the fluid flow and heat transfer are studied. The results indicate that for all cases, the average Nusselt number of each heater increases as the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases. The heat transfer characteristics were significantly affected by the arrangement of the two heaters. The heaters located on the left half of the top wall is convection-dominant mechanism, and the conduction heat transfer is the primary mechanism when the heater is on the right half of the top wall. The average Nusselt number increases as Ha increases for the heater of dominating convection mechanism but decreases for the heater of dominating conduction mechanism.

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Abbreviations

X 1, X 2 :

Positions of the heaters

h :

Width of the channel

H :

Height of the channel

e i :

Discrete lattice velocity in direction

f :

Density distribution function

f eq :

Equilibrium density distribution function

Ha :

Hartmann number

Nu :

Nusselt number

U, V :

Non-dimensional velocity components

Pr :

Prandtl number

L :

Length of the heaters

W :

Length of the channel

θ :

Orientation of the magnetic field

c s :

Speed of sound in Lattice scale

g :

Energy distribution function

g eq :

Equilibrium energy distribution function

k B :

Boltzmann constant

T :

Fluid temperature

k :

Thermal conductivity

Ra :

Rayleigh number

ω i :

Mass function in direction i

ϕ :

Volume fraction

τ c :

Relaxation time for temperature

α :

Thermal diffusivity

ρ :

Density

τ v :

Relaxation time for flow

β :

Thermal expansion coefficient

μ :

Dynamic viscosity

loc:

Local

s:

Solid particles

nf:

Nanofluid

c:

Cold

ave:

Average

f:

Fluid

h:

Hot

i:

Move direction of single particle

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Shanghai Automotive Wind Tunnel Technical Service Platform (16DZ2290400). The computing facility of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vehicle Aerodynamics and Vehicle Thermal Management Systems is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Automotive Wind Tunnel Center, Tongji University, No. 4800, Cao’an Road, Shanghai, 201804, China

    Yuan Ma & Zhigang Yang

  2. Shanghai Key Lab of Vehicle Aerodynamics and Vehicle Thermal Management Systems, No. 4800, Cao’an Road, Shanghai, 201804, China

    Yuan Ma & Zhigang Yang

  3. School of Engineering, Damghan University, P.O. Box: 3671641167, Damghan, Iran

    Rasul Mohebbi

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    M. M. Rashidi

  5. Beijing Aeronautical Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing, 102211, China

    Zhigang Yang

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  1. Yuan Ma
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Correspondence to Rasul Mohebbi.

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Ma, Y., Mohebbi, R., Rashidi, M.M. et al. MHD forced convection of MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid in a partially heated τ-shaped channel using LBM. J Therm Anal Calorim 136, 1723–1735 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7788-4

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