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A Comparative Study on the Effects of Channel Divergence and Convergence on the Performance of Two-Layer Microchannels

  • S.I.: Computations & Experiments on Dynamics of Complex Fluid & Structure
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Abstract

This paper compares the hydrothermal performance of two-layer microchannels with the divergent and convergent walls. The heat transfer coefficients, pumping power, and entropy production are investigated via the fluid-solid conjugate hydrothermal simulation. The results showed that in microchannels, the divergent walls reduce both the pumping power and average Nu number, while increase the thermal resistance and the solid base temperature. The convergent walls increase the pumping power and average Nu number and decline the thermal resistance and base temperatures. The microchannels with high TF values (more divergent) are not hydrothermally optimal as compared to those with low TF values (more convergent). For the Re number of 400, with changing TF from 1 to 0.5, the pumping power and the Nu number increase about 99% and 10%, respectively. However, by changing the TF from 1 to 2 (or \(\frac{1}{0.5}\)), the pumping power and the Nu number decrease about 101% and 18%, respectively. On the other hand, in the same Re number, by changing the TF from 1 to 0.5, the thermal resistance decreases by 9%. However, by increasing the TF value from 1 to 2, thermal resistance rises by 16%. Finally, it can be found that the negative effect of divergence on thermal resistance is greater than the positive effect of convergence on thermal resistance. In general, the divergent microchannels generate lower frictional entropy and higher thermal entropy. Also, in the divergent microchannels, the production of thermal entropy is higher than the frictional one, while in the convergent microchannels the production of frictional entropy is greater.

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Abbreviations

A:

Channel inlet area [m2]

C p :

Specific heat capacity [Jkg−1K−1]

Dh :

Hydraulic diameter [m]

d :

Diameter [m]

H:

Height of each layer [mm]

h m :

Mean convective heat transfer coefficient [Wm−2K−1]

k :

Thermal conductivity [Wm−1K−1]

Lx :

Length of heat sink [mm]

Ly :

Width of heat sink [mm]

Lz :

Height of heat sink [mm]

N :

Number of channels

Nu m :

Average Nu number

p :

Pressure [Pa]

q " :

Heat flux [Wm−2]

Re:

Re number

R th :

Thermal resistance [KW−1]

Sf :

Frictional entropy production [Wm−3K−1]

Sh :

Thermal entropy production [Wm−3K−1]

T:

Temperature [K]

TF:

Tapered Factor

\({\overline{\mathrm{T}}}_{\mathrm{s}}\) :

Mean temperature of the solid part [K]

v, v, and w:

Velocity components of fluid [ms−1]

W:

Total width of microchannel [mm]

Wc :

Width of microchannel [mm]

Ws :

Width of walls between two microchannels [mm]

∆p :

Pressure loss [Pa]

δ :

Thickness of all surfaces [mm]

ρ :

Density [kgm−3]

μ :

Dynamic viscosity [Pa.s]

Ω:

Pumping power [W]

Φ:

Viscous dissipation term of fluid flow

∇:

The differential operator given in Cartesian coordinates

c :

Microchannel

f :

Fluid

in :

Inlet

out :

Outlet

m:

Mean

max:

Maximum

s:

Solid part

w:

Water

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    S. Sarvar-Ardeh & R. Rafee

  2. Department of Energy, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    S. Rashidi

Authors
  1. S. Sarvar-Ardeh
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  2. R. Rafee
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  3. S. Rashidi
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Correspondence to R. Rafee.

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Sarvar-Ardeh, S., Rafee, R. & Rashidi, S. A Comparative Study on the Effects of Channel Divergence and Convergence on the Performance of Two-Layer Microchannels. Exp Tech 47, 109–122 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-022-00546-9

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