Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a metal that in acid soils becomes toxic to plants, and its most phytotoxic form is Al3+. Usually, Al hinders plant growth and development by impairing processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, and gene expression. Moreover, plants under Al stress upregulate oxidative stress metabolism to handle Al-toxicity. Nevertheless, some plants possess tolerance/resistance to Al. The mechanisms of Al tolerance/resistance involve its complexation, either internally or externally, with organic acids (citrate, malate, and oxalate). Also, some plants can accumulate more than 1 g of Al Kg of dry matter. In the Cerrado, several species not only accumulate Al, but need it throughout their development. The Vochysiaceae stand out as one of the most important families of Cerrado flora and all its species are Al-accumulators. At the molecular level, the gene families ALMT and MATE have been associated with Al tolerance/resistance in various plant species. Moreover, there have been several reports addressing the relationships between Cerrado plants and Al at the molecular, metabolic, and subcellular levels. Additionally, in Cerrado native species, molecular and physiological data revealed that Al upregulated several crucial processes, e.g., photosynthesis, respiration, genetic information processing, and cell wall synthesis. These studies have, therefore, supported the idea that Al is not a stress factor in these native plants. Nonetheless, there is much to unravel about the role of Al in Cerrado plants and the reasons they require it to grow and develop.
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Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal,0193.001622/2017,Luiz A R Pereira,Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
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LMRC contributed to writing of the review, CCV supervised and helped the writing, SMCG supervised the sections on molecular biology, TCRW supervised the writing on metabolism and English correction, NFC supervised and helped with writing on proteomics, MCS helped with the writing on the ecology of Cerrado plants, LARP helped with the writing, English, and final revision of the manuscript.
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de Castro, L.M.R., Vinson, C.C., da Gordo, S.M.C. et al. Molecular and physiological aspects of plant responses to aluminum: what do we know about Cerrado plants?. Braz. J. Bot 45, 545–562 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-021-00781-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-021-00781-1