Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by loss of pigment of the skin, affecting 0.5–2% of the population worldwide. It can have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. In recent years, there has been significant progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vitiligo. It is believed that vitiligo develops due to a complex combination of genetics, oxidative stress, inflammation, and environmental triggers. Conventional treatments include camouflage, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, oral corticosteroids, phototherapy, and surgical procedures, with the treatment regimen dependent on the patient’s preferences and characteristics. With increased understanding of the importance of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, treatment has expanded to include the first US FDA-approved cream to repigment patients with vitiligo. This review summarizes our understanding of the major mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and its most common available treatments.
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Kaitlynne N. Cunningham declares no conflicts of interest. David Rosmarin has received honoraria as a consultant for AbbVie, Abcuro, AltruBio, Arena, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Concert, CSL Behring, Dermavant, Dermira, Incyte, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Revolo Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceuticals, UCB, and VielaBio; has received research support from AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Dermira, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc; and has served as a paid speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Incyte, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Sanofi.
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Kaitlynne N. Cunningham wrote the manuscript, completed the literature review, edited the manuscript, and read and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication. David Rosmarin supervised the work, critically reviewed and edited the manuscript, and read and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.
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Cunningham, K.N., Rosmarin, D. Vitiligo Treatments: Review of Current Therapeutic Modalities and JAK Inhibitors. Am J Clin Dermatol 24, 165–186 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-022-00752-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-022-00752-6