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New Perspectives on the Role and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Cardiovascular Diseases

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is essential to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay CVDs by targeting their fundamental cellular and molecular processes. Melatonin is a small indole molecule acting both as a hormone of the pineal gland and as a local regulator molecule in various tissues. It has multiple features that may contribute to its cardiovascular protection. Moreover, melatonin enters all cells and subcellular compartments and crosses morphophysiological barriers. Additionally, this indoleamine also serves as a safe exogenous therapeutic agent. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the beneficial effects of melatonin in preventing and improving cardiovascular risk factors. Exogenous administration of melatonin, as a result of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been reported to decrease blood pressure, protect against atherosclerosis, attenuate molecular and cellular damage resulting from cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, and improve the prognosis of myocardial infarction and heart failure. This review aims to summarize the beneficial effects of melatonin against these conditions, the possible protective mechanisms of melatonin, and its potential clinical applicability in CVDs.

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  1. Pengchen Gu and Yuxin Wu have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiang Su Prov., China

    Pengchen Gu, Yuxin Wu & Weiwei Lu

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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Nos. 81600210, 82270503 to WW Lu], the Science and Technology Bureau of Suzhou (SKY2022110), and the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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Pengchen Gu, Yuxin Wu, and Weiwei Lu declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article.

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WL conceived of the article. PG and YW performed the literature search, wrote the original draft, and created the figures and tables contained in the work. WL aided in drafting the work and providing critical revisions.

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Gu, P., Wu, Y. & Lu, W. New Perspectives on the Role and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Cardiovascular Diseases. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 24, 171–195 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40256-024-00631-x

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