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Ocimum gratissimum enhances insulin sensitivity in male Wistar rats with dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance

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Abstract

Purpose

The antidiabetic activities of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaf extract are well documented in experimental diabetes induced by beta cell destruction resulting in hypoinsulinemia. There is however paucity of data on its effect in conditions characterized by hyperinsulinemia. This study therefore investigated the effect of OG on insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone in male Wistar rats.

Method

Twenty male Wistar rats grouped as control, normal + OG, Dex and Dex + OG were used. Control and normal + OG received normal saline while Dex and Dex + OG received dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p) followed by distilled water or OG (400 mg/kg) for 10 days. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, HOMA-IR, liver and muscle glycogen, hexokinase activities, hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity were obtained. Histopathology of pancreas and liver tissues was carried out using standard procedures.

Results

Body weight reduced significantly in the Dex and Dex + OG groups compared with the control. FBG (147.8 ± 9.93 mg/dL), insulin (2.98 ± 0.49 µIU/ml) and HOMA-IR (1.11 ± 0.22) of Dex animals were higher than the control (FBG = 89.22 ± 6.53 mg/dL; insulin = 1.70 ± 0.49 µIU/ml; HOMA-IR = 0.37 ± 0.04). These were significantly reduced in the Dex + OG (FBG = 115.31 ± 5.93 mg/dL; insulin = 1.85 ± 0.11µIU/ml; HOMA-IR = 0.53 ± 0.08) compared with Dex. Glycogen content and hexokinase activities were increased in the Dex + OG. Increased pancreatic islet size, hepatic steatosis and HMG Co A reductase activity were observed in the Dex but reduced in Dex + OG.

Conclusion

OG promotes cellular glucose utilization and reduces hepatic fat accumulation in Wistar rats with insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone. Further study to identify the involved signal transduction will throw more light on the observed effects.

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Data availability

Data for the study is available with STS.

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  1. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Shehu-Tijani Toyin Shittu, Taye Jemilat Lasisi, Seyid Alli-Sisse Shittu, Adeyinka Adeyemi, Tolulope James Adeoye & AbdulRasak Akinola Alada

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Shittu, ST.T., Lasisi, T.J., Shittu, S.AS. et al. Ocimum gratissimum enhances insulin sensitivity in male Wistar rats with dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance. J Diabetes Metab Disord 20, 1257–1267 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00850-y

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