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Glucose, lipid and oxidative stress lowering activity of the aqueous extract from leafy stems of Cissus polyantha Gilg & Brandt in dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia in rats

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Abstract

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic hyperglycemia. The present research work aimed to evaluate the hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of leafy stems of Cissus polyantha Gilg & Brandt in insulin resistant rats.

Methods

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in normal rats. Hyperglycemia was induced for 8 days by a daily subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) one hour after pretreatment of animals with metformin (40 mg/kg) and C. polyantha extract (111, 222 and 444 mg/kg). Body weight, blood glucose, insulin level, lipid profile, insulin biomarkers, cardiovascular indices and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated.

Results

For OGTT, the extract (444 mg/kg) produced a significant drop in blood sugar at the 60th (p < 0.01), 90th (p < 0.01) and 120th min (p < 0.05). Morever, the extract at doses of 222 and 111 mg/kg significantly reduced blood sugar at the 60th (p < 0.01) and 90th min (p < 0.05) respectively. Otherwise, C. polyantha (444 and 222 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) increased body weight and decreased blood sugar on the 4th and 8th days of treatment in insulin resistant rats. The extract also significantly decreased (p < 0.001) serum insulin level, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance index and cardiovascular indices, and increased gluthathione level, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity.

Conclusion

The aqueous extract of Cissus polyantha leafy stems (AECPLS) possess hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities that could justify its use in traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried at the Laboratory of Department of Biological Science, Faculty ofSciences, University of Maroua, Cameroon. The authors are grateful to the Head of thislaboratory for providing the facilities, and M. MOUSSA Abame for the purchase of the reagents.

Data of availability

The data analyzed and materials used in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

    Abba Talba Mahamad

  2. Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

    David Miaffo

  3. Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

    Sylviane Laure Poualeu Kamani, Albert Kamanyi & Sylvie Léa Wansi Ngnokam

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon

    Oumar Mahamat

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  1. Abba Talba Mahamad
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Contributions

MTA and DA proposed the plant material, harvested and prepared the crude extract. MTA, DM and MO conducted the different tests in laboratory. DM and SKP analyzed the data and drafted the article. AK and SLW corrected the final manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sylvie Léa Wansi Ngnokam.

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Ethics approval

All animal experiments were handled according to the Ethic Committee of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Maroua (Ref. N°14/0261/ Uma/D/FS/VD-RC), Cameroon. The Animal protocol were accomplished in accordance with the guidelines of Cameroonian bioethics committee (reg N°.FWA-IRB00001954) and NIH- Care and Use of Laboratory Animals manual (8th Edition).

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Not applicable.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts interest related to this study.

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Mahamad, A.T., Miaffo, D., Poualeu Kamani, S.L. et al. Glucose, lipid and oxidative stress lowering activity of the aqueous extract from leafy stems of Cissus polyantha Gilg & Brandt in dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia in rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 19, 1527–1535 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00687-x

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