Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Unique Duplex Microstructure and Porosity Effect on Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys Processed by Selective Laser Melting

  • Published:
Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Aims and scope

Abstract

Selective laser melting (SLM) was performed on AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs), and the unique duplex microstructure and porosity were investigated as well as the negative effect on mechanical properties. SLM printed AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs is composed of face-centered cubic and BCC/B2 phases, and the surface texture of samples perpendicular to and parallel to the building direction is different. From the bottom of the molten pool to the inside, the structure changes from dendrites to columnar crystals and then to cellular crystals, the distribution of elements in and around the molten pool is uniform, and there is no element segregation. The surface hardness of as-printed AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs is higher than that of as-cast ones due to the grain refinement strengthening, and there is anisotropy in different surface hardness, the highest hardness is 580 HV (X–Y plane) and 560 HV (X–Z plane). The reduction of bearing area and tip stress concentration caused by pores have adverse effects on the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy, the ultimate tensile strength increased from 1060 to 1289 MPa.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E.P. George, D. Raabe, R.O. Ritchie, Nat. Rev. Mater. 4, 515 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M.C. Gao, J. Qiao, Metals 8, 108 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  3. J.W. Yeh, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.Y. Gan, T.S. Chin, T.T. Shun, C.H. Tsau, S.Y. Chang, Adv. Eng. Mater. 6, 299 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.Y. He, H. Wang, H.L. Huang, X.D. Xu, M.W. Chen, Y. Wu, X.J. Liu, T.G. Nieh, K. An, Z.P. Lu, Acta. Mater. 102, 187 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Z. Lei, X. Liu, Y. Wu, H. Wang, S. Jiang, S. Wang, X. Hui, Y. Wu, B. Gault, P. Kontis, D. Raabe, L. Gu, Q. Zhang, H. Chen, H. Wang, J. Liu, K. An, Q. Zeng, T.G. Nieh, Z. Lu, Nature 563, 546 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J.G. Gigax, O. El-Atwani, Q. McCulloch, B. Aytuna, M. Efe, S. Fensin, S.A. Maloy, N. Li, Scr. Mater. 178, 508 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Wang, Y. Lu, G. Zhang, H. Cui, D. Xu, N. Wei, T. Li, Vacuum 184, 109905 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Lu, Y. Dong, S. Guo, L. Jiang, H. Kang, T. Wang, B. Wen, Z. Wang, J. Jie, Z. Cao, H. Ruan, T. Li, Sci. Rep.-UK 4, 6200 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. P. Shi, W. Ren, T. Zheng, Z. Ren, X. Hou, J. Peng, P. Hu, Y. Gao, Y. Zhong, P.K. Liaw, Nat. Commun. 10, 489 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Miao, H. Liang, A. Zhang, J. He, J. Meng, Y. Lu, Tribol. Int. 153, 106599 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Wang, Y. Lu, T. Wang, C. Zhang, Z. Cao, T. Li, P.K. Liaw, Scr. Mater. 204, 114132 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Lu, Y. Dong, H. Jiang, Z. Wang, Z. Cao, S. Guo, T. Wang, T. Li, P.K. Liaw, Scr. Mater. 187, 202 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Hou, M. Zhang, S. Ma, K. Peter, Y. Liaw, J.Q. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 707, 593 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J.X. Hou, J. Fan, H.J. Yang, Z. Wang, J.W. Qiao, Int. J. Min. Met. Mater. 27, 1363 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Karlsson, A. Marshal, F. Johansson, M. Schuisky, M. Sahlberg, J.M. Schneider, U. Jansson, J. Alloys Compd. 784, 195 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. R. Li, Y. Shi, J. Liu, H. Yao, W. Zhang, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram. 48, 186 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. D. Sun, D. Gu, K. Lin, J. Ma, W. Chen, J. Huang, X. Sun, M. Chu, Powder. Technol. 342, 371 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Wang, R. Li, P. Niu, Z. Zhang, T. Yuan, J. Yuan, K. Li, Intermetallics 120, 106746 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Luo, H. Wang, Z. Gao, Y. Wu, H. Wang, Mater. Des. 212, 110264 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. K.H. Leitz, P. Singer, A. Plankensteiner, B. Tabernig, H. Kestler, L.S. Sigl, Met. Powder Rep. 72, 331 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  21. S. Qu, J. Ding, J. Fu, M. Fu, B. Zhang, X. Song, Addit. Manuf. 48, 102417 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Yin, H. Zhu, L. Ke, W. Lei, C. Dai, D. Zuo, Comp. Mater. Sci. 53, 333 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. F. Li, Z. Wang, X. Zeng, Mater. Lett. 199, 79 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C. Xue, Y. Zhang, P. Mao, C. Liu, Y. Guo, F. Qian, C. Zhang, K. Liu, M. Zhang, S. Tang, J. Wang, Addit. Manuf. 43, 102019 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. B.J. Sun, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. 31, 40 (1997)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Wang, R. Li, T. Yuan, L. Zou, M. Wang, H. Yang, Mater. Charact. 180, 111397 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. P. Chen, S. Li, Y. Zhou, M. Yan, M.M. Attallah, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 43, 40 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  28. P.F. Jiang, C.H. Zhang, S. Zhang, J.B. Zhang, J. Chen, H.T. Chen, Opt. Laser. Technol. 140, 107055 (2021)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. J. Suryawanshi, K.G. Prashanth, S. Scudino, J. Eckert, O. Prakash, U. Ramamurty, Aata. Mater. 115, 285 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. X. Cui, S. Zhang, C. Wang, C.H. Zhang, J. Chen, J.B. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 791, 139738 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S.C.V. Lim, K.V. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Cheng, A. Huang, X. Wu, C.H.J. Davies, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 651, 524 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. W. Li, J. Liu, Y. Zhou, S. Li, S. Wen, Q. Wei, C. Yan, Y. Shi, J. Alloys Compd. 688, 626 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P.F. Jiang, C.H. Zhang, S. Zhang, J.B. Zhang, J. Chen, Y. Liu, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9, 11702 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. R.E. Napolitano, R.J. Schaefer, J. Mater. Sci. 35, 1641 (2000)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. Hou, M. Zhang, H. Yang, J. Qiao, Metals 7, 111 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  36. J. Zhang, S. Li, Q. Wei, Y. Shi, L. Wang, J. Guo, Rare Metal. 39, 961 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. K.V. Yang, Y. Shi, F. Palm, X. Wu, P. Rometsch, Scr. Mater. 145, 113 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. H. Hu. (2007) The Principle of Metal Solidification. Machinery Industry Press

  39. W. Shifeng, L. Shuai, W. Qingsong, C. Yan, Z. Sheng, S. Yusheng, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 214, 2660 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. S.M. Thompson, L. Bian, N. Shamsaei, A. Yadollahi, Addit. Manuf. 8, 36 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  41. H.S. Roh, Int. J. Heat. Mass. Tran. 68, 391 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  42. X.K. Lan, J.M. Khodadadi, Int. J. Heat. Mass. Tran. 44, 953 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  43. R.J. Vikram, B.S. Murty, D. Fabijanic, S. Suwas, J. Alloys Compd. 827, 154034 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Y. Zhang, E. Lordan, K. Dou, S. Wang, Z. Fan, J. Manuf. Process. 56, 500 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. Lee, J. Choe, J. Park, J.H. Yu, S. Kim, I.D. Jung, H. Sung, Mater. Charact. 155, 109817 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. D. Gu, Y. Shen, Mater. Des. 30, 2903 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Y. Chen, H. Yue, X. Wang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 713, 195 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. S. Huang, L. Zhang, D. Li, W. Zhang, W. Zhu, Surf. Coat. Technol. 381, 125123 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. X. Zhou, X. Liu, D. Zhang, Z. Shen, W. Liu, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 222, 33 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. S. Schiaffino, A.A. Sonin, Phys. Fluids 9, 2217 (1997)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. C. Teng, D. Pal, H. Gong, K. Zeng, K. Briggs, N. Patil, B. Stucker, Addit. Manuf. 14, 137 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  52. M. Xia, D. Gu, G. Yu, D. Dai, H. Chen, Q. Shi, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 116, 96 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  53. R. D. Blevins, Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook, (New York, 1984).

  54. C. Panwisawas, C.L. Qiu, Y. Sovani, J.W. Brooks, M.M. Attallah, H.C. Basoalto, Scr. Mater. 105, 14 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. N.T. Aboulkhair, N.M. Everitt, I. Ashcroft, C. Tuck, Addit. Manuf. 1–4, 77 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  56. L.E. Scriven, C.V. Sternling, Nature 187, 186 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  57. R. Hidalgo, J.A. Esnaola, I. Llavori, M. Larrañaga, I. Hurtado, N. Herrero-Dorca, Int. J. Fatigue 125, 468 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. J. Hou, X. Shi, J. Qiao, Y. Zhang, P.K. Liaw, Y. Wu, Mater. Des. 180, 107910 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. S. Önder, N. Saklakoğlu, A. Sever, Mater. Charact. 196, 112571 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  60. P.J. Withers, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Mater. Sci. Technol.-Lond. 17, 366 (2001)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52075360, and 52105389), the Primary Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202102050201009)

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China

    Liwei Lan, Wenxian Wang, Zeqin Cui & Xiaohu Hao

  2. Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 030024, China

    Liwei Lan, Wenxian Wang, Zeqin Cui & Xiaohu Hao

  3. Shanxi–Zhejiang University New Materials and Chemical Research Institute, Taiyuan, 030032, China

    Liwei Lan, Wenxian Wang & Zeqin Cui

Authors
  1. Liwei Lan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wenxian Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zeqin Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaohu Hao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Wenxian Wang or Zeqin Cui.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors state that there are no conflict of interest to disclose.

Additional information

Available online at http://link.springer.com/journal/40195.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lan, L., Wang, W., Cui, Z. et al. Unique Duplex Microstructure and Porosity Effect on Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys Processed by Selective Laser Melting. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 36, 1465–1481 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-023-01551-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-023-01551-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation