Abstract
Aluminum alloys are a crucial material due to their high resistance to corrosion and strength to weight ratio, particularly in pressure systems and transport applications. However, they have low melting temperatures and are relatively soft compared to other engineering materials. Utilising secondary reinforcing components such as tungsten carbide, fly ash, mica, boron carbide, silicon carbide, graphite, e-glass, and aluminium oxide, researchers have recently concentrated on creating metal matrix composites. Stir casting was used to create aluminium alloys with different weight percentages of magnesium and zinc. The alloys were then re-aged at 150 °C for different holding times. SEM image of a worn-out surface reveals material flow, scratches, and narrow grooves that are caused by wear parameters including applied stress, sliding velocity, and sliding distance. Only 5.57% more ultimate tensile strength was achieved for the highest weight percentage of magnesium and zinc after 7 h of ageing. Improved mechanical qualities were seen in SEM pictures, and regression analysis confirmed the experimental findings.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Devezas, H. Ruão, Aluminum production and aviation: an interesting case of an interwoven rebound effect in a digital transforming world (Springer, Berlin, 2021)
P. Liu, Q.-H. Zhang, Hu. Ji-Ming, F.-H. Cao, Interesting phenomena for Al–Zn–Mg aluminum alloy after two years of storage: a comparative study on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy with different aging treatments. Constr. Build. Mater. 276, 122210 (2021)
T. Yuan, X. Ren, S. Chen, X. Jiang, Grain refinement and property improvements of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy by heterogeneous particle addition during wire and arc additive manufacturing. J. Market. Res. 16, 824–839 (2022)
H.M. Pruthvi, H.G. Shenoy, Effect of wear parameter on Al–Zn alloy on wear rate by using Taguchi’s technique. Mater. Today Proc. 59, 79–84 (2022)
A. Poznak, D. Freiberg, P. Sanders, Automotive wrought aluminium alloys, in Fundamentals of Aluminium Metallurgy, pp. 333–386. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston (2018)
P. Liu, J.-Y. Hu, H.-X. Li, S.-Y. Sun, Y.-B. Zhang, Effect of heat treatment on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of 7075 Al alloys fabricated by SLM. J. Manuf. Process. 60, 578–585 (2020)
V. Doroshenko, P. Shurkin, T. Sviridova, A. Fortuna, I. Shkaley, Phase composition and microstructure of cast Al–6% Mg-2% Ca-2% Zn alloy with Fe and Si additions. Metals 13(9), 1584 (2023)
N. Kumar, D. Dwivedi, A. Sharma, B. Ahn, M.K. Manoj, Influence of various heat treatment procedures on the corrosion behavior of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. Mater. Res. Express 6(12), 126554 (2019)
S.K. Nayak, A. Satapathy, Mechanical and dry sliding wear characterization of marble dust and short kenaf fiber reinforced hybrid polyester composites. J. Nat. Fibers 19(14), 9235–9247 (2022)
S. Kumar, K. Panneerselvam, Two-body abrasive wear behavior of nylon 6 and glass fiber reinforced (GFR) nylon 6 composite. Procedia Technol. 25, 1129–1136 (2016)
J.-Y. Hu, P. Liu, S.-y Sun, Y.-H. Zhao, Y.-B. Zhang, Y.-S. Huo, Relation between heat treatment processes and microstructural characteristics of 7075 Al alloy fabricated by SLM. Vacuum 177, 109404 (2020)
P.K. Mandal, R. Anant, R. Kumar, V.M.R. Muthaiah, Effect of scandium on ageing kinetics in cast Al–Zn–Mg alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 696, 257–266 (2017)
Z. Zhang, X. Ma, C. Zhang, G. Chu, Z. Meng, G. Zhao, L. Chen, Effect of stress-aging treatment on the mechanical and corrosion properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 838, 142791 (2022)
A. Ditta, L. Wei, Y. Xu, S. Wu, Microstructural characteristics and properties of spray formed Zn-rich Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy under various aging conditions. Mater Charact 161, 110133 (2020)
P. Liu, G.-F. Chen, Porous Materials: Processing and Applications (Elsevier, New York, 2014)
T.Z. Wei, S.R.B. Shamsuri, C.S. Yee, M.W.A. Rashid, Q. Ahsan, Effect of sliding velocity on wear behavior of magnesium composite reinforced with SiC and MWCNT. Procedia Eng. 68, 703–709 (2013)
Q.B. Nguyen, Y.H.M. Sim, M. Gupta, C.Y.H. Lim, Tribology characteristics of magnesium alloy AZ31B and its composites. Tribol. Int. 82, 464–471 (2015)
H. Hassanpour, R. Jamaati, S.J. Hosseinipour, A novel technique to form gradient microstructure in AA5052 alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 777, 139075 (2020)
K.D. Timmerhaus, T.M. Flynn, Cryogenic process engineering (Springer, Berlin, 2013)
A. Azarniya, A.K. Taheri, K.K. Taheri, Recent advances in ageing of 7xxx series aluminum alloys: a physical metallurgy perspective. J. Alloys Compd. 781, 945–983 (2019)
T.R. Praveen, H.S. Nayaka, S. Swaroop, K.R. Gopi, Strength enhancement of magnesium alloy through equal channel angular pressing and laser shock peening. Appl. Surface Sci. 512, 145755 (2020)
B. Prasad, P.P. Bhingole, Critical assessment of strengthening mechanism of magnesium alloys. Adv. Mater. Proc. 2(11), 734–744 (2017)
N.G. Siddeshkumar, C. Durga Prasad, R. Suresh, K.R. Varun, S. Patro, S. Kore, S.R. Pawar, T.A. Sudarshan, Investigation of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Friction Welded Joints for Dissimilar Metals (HSS M2 and EN8 Steel). J. Inst. Eng. (India) Ser. D (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-024-00658-z
N. Praveen, U.S. Mallik, A.G. Shivasiddaramaiah, R. Hosalli, C. Durga Prasad, S. Bavan, Machinability study of Cu–Al–Mn shape memory alloys using Taguchi method. J. Inst. Eng. (India) Ser. D 1, 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00629-w
N.G. Siddeshkumar, R. Suresh, C. Durga Prasad, L. Shivaram, N.H. Siddalingaswamy, Evolution of the surface quality and tool wear in the high speed turning of Al2219/n-B4C/MoS2 metal matrix composites. Int. J. Cast Metals Res. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2023.2285177
N. Praveen, U.S. Mallik, A.G. Shivasiddaramaiah, N. Nagabhushana, C. Durga Prasad, S. Kollur, Effect of CNC end milling parameters on Cu–Al–Mn ternary shape memory alloys using Taguchi method. J. Inst. Eng. India Series D (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00579-3
V. Srinivasa Chari, S. Jhavar, T.N. Sreenivasa, H. Hanumanthappa, C. Durga Prasad, B.K. Shanmugam, Impact of post-processing techniques on the wear resistance of plasma beam treatment on SS316L components. J. Inst. Eng. (India) Ser. D (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00584-6
S. Gotagunaki, V.S. Mudakappanavar, R. Suresh, C. Durga Prasad, Studies on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of an AZ91D magnesium metal matrix composite utilizing the stir casting method. Metallography Microstruct. Anal. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-023-01017-2
G. Srinivasa Rao, U. Mukkamala, H. Hanumanthappa, C. Durga Prasad, H. Vasudev, B. Shanmugam, K.C. Kishore Kumar, Evaluating and optimizing surface roughness using genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks during turning of AISI 52100 steel. Int. J. Interactive Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01549-5
C. Manjunatha, T.N. Sreenivasa, P. Sanjay, C. Durga Prasad, Optimization of friction stir welding parameters to enhance weld nugget hardness in AA6061-B4C composite material. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. D. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00562-y
M. Arunadevi, M. Rani, R. Sibinraj, M.K. Chandru, C. Durga Prasad, Comparison of k-nearest Neighbor & Artificial Neural Network prediction in the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. Mater. Today Proc. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.09.111
G.S. Kulkarni, N.G. Siddeshkumar, C. Durga Prasad, L. Shankar, R. Suresh, Drilling of GFRP with liquid silicon rubber reinforced with fine aluminium powder on hole surface quality and tool wear using DOE. J Bio- Tribo-Corros 9, 53 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-023-00771-8
N. Praveen, U.S. Mallik, A.G. Shivasiddaramaih, R. Suresh, C. Durga Prasad, L. Shivaramu, Synthesis and wire EDM characteristics of Cu–Al–Mn ternary shape memory alloys using Taguchi method. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. D 1, 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00501-x
C.J. Manjunatha, C. Durga Prasad, H. Hanumanthappa, A. Rajesh Kannan, D.G. Mohan, B.K. Shanmugam, C. Venkategowda, Influence of microstructural characteristics on wear and corrosion behaviour of Si3N4 reinforced Al2219 composites. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2023, 1120569 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1120569
V. Gowda, H. Hanumanthappa, B.K. Shanmugam, C. Durga Prasad, T.N. Sreenivasa, M.S. Rajendra Kumar, High-temperature tribological studies on hot forged Al6061-Tib2 in-situ composites. J. Bio Tribo-Corros. 8, 101 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-022-00699-5
Funding
For this work, no money or other financial support was provided.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The writers claim that there aren't any conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Pruthvi, H.M., Biradar, S., Chetan Kumar, D.S. et al. Investigation on Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics of Al–Zn Alloys Under Different Conditions. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. D (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-024-00745-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-024-00745-1