Abstract
The results obtained indicate that the catalysts synthesized: They were alginate-ferric clay and alginate-Fe, both were obtained by the casting method and their ability to decolorize the red dye 6 was evaluated. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a bioassay on Elongation of Lactuca sativa root was performed to verify the toxicity of the dye. In order to observer the effect that the availability of iron has on the efficiency of the process the Fe-alginate was compared with iron clay (iron-conditioned bentonite). The results indicate that the alginate film with iron clay presents a higher efficiency under UV light, with a discoloration percentage of 79%. On the other hand, under solar radiation, the alginate film with Fe showed a higher percentage of discoloration than 98%. The adsorption kinetics of the materials are best described by a first-order reaction, which provides important information about the behavior of the catalyst during the degradation process. Toxicity tests indicate that Lactuca sativa root growth is affected by iron residues and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions.
Graphical abstract
Toxicity Bioassay Diagram
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Ahmed IA, Ragab HA, Habila MA, Alomar TS, Aljuhani EH (2021) Equilibrium and kinetic study of anionic and cationic pollutants remediation by limestone– chitosan-alginate nanocomposite from aqueous solution. Molecules 26(29):2586. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092586
Aichour A, Zaghouane Boudiaf H (2020) Synthesis and characterization of hybrid activated bentonite/ alginate composite to improve its effective elimination of dyes stuff from wastewater. Appl Water Sci 10:146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01232-0
Ain QU, Rasheed U, Yaseen M, Zhang H, Tong Z (2020) Superior dye degradation and adsorption capability of polydopamine modified Fe3O4-pillared bentonite composite. J Hazard Mater 397:122758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122758
Almazán-Sánchez PT, Solache-Ríos MJ, Linares- Hernández I, Martínez-Miranda V (2016) Adsorption-regeneration by heterogeneous Fenton process using modified carbon and clay materials for removal of indigo blue. Environ Technol 37(14):1843–1856. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1133718
Baigorria E, Cano LA, Sanchez LM, Alvarez VA, Ollier RP (2020) Bentonite-composite polyvinyl alcohol/alginate hydrogel beads: preparation, characterization and their use as arsenic removal devices. Environ Nanotechnol Monitor Manag 14:100364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100364
Boutemedjet A, Djerad S, Tifouti L, Bachari K (2021) Effect of Fe0 content on the effectiveness of Fe0/Fe3O4 catalyst in Fenton process. J Water Process Eng (JWPE) 41:102079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102079
Chen XL, Li F, Chen HY, Wang HJ, Li GG (2020) Fe2O3/TiO2 functionalized biochar as a heterogeneous catalyst for dyes degradation in water under Fenton processes. J Environ Chem Eng (JECE) 8:103905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103905
Chkirida S, Zari N, Achour R, Hassoune H, Lachehab A, Qaiss A, Bouhfid R (2021) Highly synergic adsorption/photocatalytic efficiency of Alginate/Bentonite impregnated TiO2 beads for wastewater treatment. J Photochem Photobiol a: Chem (JPPA) 412:113215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113215
Cui M, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang H, Li M, Li L, Xu W (2021) Study on adsorption performance of MgO/calcium alginate composite for Congo red in wastewater. J Polym Environ 29:3977–3987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02170-x
De Moraes N, Santana R, Gomes R, Santos Júnior S, de Lucena A, Zaidan Léa E, Napoleão D (2020) Performance verification of different advanced oxidation processes in the degradation of the dye acid violet 17: reaction kinetics, toxicity and degradation prediction by artificial neural networks. Chem Pap 75:539–552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01325-9
Diomedi A, Chacón E, Delpiano L, Hervé B, Jemenao MI, Medel M, Quintanilla M, Riedel G, Tinoco J, Cifuentes M (2017) Antisépticos y desinfectantes: apuntando al uso racional. Recomendaciones del Comité Consultivo de Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de Salud, Sociedad Chilena de Infectología. Revista Chilena Infectol 34(2):156–174. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182017000200010
Ganiyu SO, de Araújo CE, Martínez-Huitle C, dos Santos EV (2020) Electro-Fenton catalyzed by Fe-rich lateritic soil for the treatment of food colorant Bordeaux Red (E123): catalyst characterization, optimization of operating conditions and mechanism of oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 242:116776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116776
Ghasemi H, Mozaffari S, Mousavi SH, Aghabarari B, Abu-Zahra N (2021) Decolorization of wastewater by heterogeneous Fenton reaction using MnO2-Fe3O4/CuO hybrid catalysts. J Environ Chem Eng (JECE) 9:105091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105091
Godiya CB, Xiao Y, Lu X (2018) Amine functionalized sodium alginate hydrogel for efficient and rapid removal of methyl blue in water. Int J Biol Macromol 144:671–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.139
González-Olmos R, Martin MJ, Georgi A, Kopinke FD, Oller I, Malato S (2012) Fe-zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts in solar Fenton-like reactions at neutral pH. Appl Catal B 125:51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.05.022
Görmez O, Görmez F, Gözmen B (2021) Comparison of the heterogeneous GO-FePO4/electro-Fenton against the homogeneous Fe(II) ion and Fe(III)-oxalate complex/electro-Fenton for the degradation of metronidazole. J Water Process Eng (JWPE) 43:102265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102265
Gou Y, Peng L, Xu H, Li S, Liu C, Wu X, Song S, Yang C, Song K, Xu Y (2021a) Insights into the degradation mechanisms and pathways of cephalexin during homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes. Chemosphere 285:131417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131417
Gou Y, Chen P, Yang L, Li S, Peng L, Song S, Xu Y (2021b) Degradation of fluoroquinolones in homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes: a review. Chemosphere 270:129481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129481
Hachemaoui M, Mokhtar A, Mekki A, Zaoui F, Abdelkrim S, Hacini S, Boukoussa B (2020) Composites beads based on Fe3O4@MCM-41 and calcium alginate for enhanced catalytic reduction of organic dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 164:468–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.128
Hachemaoui M, Mokhtar A, Abdelkrim S, Ouargli-Saker R, Zaoui F, Hamacha R, Habib Zahmani H, Hacini S, Bengueddach A, Boukoussa B (2021) Improved catalytic activity of composite beads calcium Alginate@MIL-101@Fe3O4 towards reduction toxic organic dyes. J Polym Environ 29:3813–3826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02177-4
Hamad MTMH, Saied MSS (2021) Kinetic studies of Congo red dye adsorption by immobilized Aspergillus niger on alginate. Appl Water Sci 11:35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01362-z
Hassan H, Zahidi MM (2019) Decolorization of Acid Red 1 using natural zeolite via heterogeneous fenton-like oxidation. J Phys Conf Ser 1349:012131. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1349/1/012131
João JJ, Silva CS, Vieira JL, Silveira MF (2020) Treatment of swine wastewater using the Fenton process with ultrasound and recycled iron. Revista Ambiente & Água 15(3):e2453. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2453
Khennaoui B, Zehani F, Malouki MA, Menacer R, López MC (2020) Chemical and physical characterization of a natural clay and its use as photocatalyst for the degradation of the methabenzthiazuron herbicide in water. Optik 219:165024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165024
Kumar V, Ghosh P (2019) Performance evaluation of modified black clay as a heterogeneous fenton catalyst on decolorization of Azure B dye: kinetic study and cost evaluation. Trans Tianjin Univ 25:527–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-019-00195-x
Lima JP, Tabelini CHB, Ramos MDN, Aguiar A (2021) Kinetic evaluation of bismarck Brown Y Azo Dye oxidation by Fenton processes in the presence of aromatic mediators. Water Air Soil Pollut 232:321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05258-1
Lozano-Álvarez JA, Marañón-Ruiz VF, Jáuregui-Rincón J, Medina-Ramírez I, Salinas-Gutiérrez R, Frausto-Reyes C (2019) Remoción de colorantes azo con alginato: relación entre estructura de colorante y eficiencia de remoción. Revista Int De Contam Ambient 35(1):223–236. https://doi.org/10.20937/RICA.2019.35.01.16
Ma Y, Chen F, Yang Q, Zhong Y, Shu X, Yao F, Xie T, Li X, Wang D, Zeng G (2018) Sulfate radical induced degradation of Methyl Violet azo dye with CuFe layered doubled hydroxide as heterogeneous photoactivator of persulfate. J Environ Manage 227:406–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.030
Nath I, Chakraborty J, Verpoort F (2020) 8-Degradation of environmental contaminants by topical heterogeneous photocatalysts. Photocatal Mater 2:151–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819049-4.00012-X
Nguyen LH, Ngo QN, Van HT, Thai VN, Nguyen TP, Phan Thi KO (2021) Reutilization of Fe-containing tailings ore enriched by iron(iii) chloride as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for decolorization of organic dyes. RSC Adv 11(26):15871–15884. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02939h
Ortega S, Díaz C, Solache M, Muro C, Alvarado Y, García J, Pinedo S (2022) Effect of alginate on the removal of yellow 6 by a biopolymer-ferric zeolite composite. Sep Purif Technol 292(2022):120971–120984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120971
Oussalah A, Boukerroui A, Aichour A, Djellouli B (2018) Cationic and anionic dyes removal by low-cost hybrid alginate/natural bentonite composite beads: adsorption and reusability studies. Int J Biol Macromol 124:854–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.197
Pinedo-Hernández S, Sánchez-Mendieta V, Gutiérrez-Segura E, Solache-Ríos M (2019) Efficient removal of brilliant blue by clinoptilolite tuff modified with Fe3+ and Fe–Cu nanoparticles. Desalin Water Treat 144:300–310. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.23623
Quadrado FNR, Fajardo RA (2017) Fast decolorization of azo methyl orange via heterogeneous Fenton and Fenton-like reactions using alginate-Fe2+/Fe3+ films as catalysts. Carbohyd Polym 177:443–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.083
Ramos RO, Albuquerque MVC, Lopes WS, Sousa JT, Leite VD (2020) Degradation of indigo carmine by photo-Fenton, Fenton, H2O2/UV-C and direct UV-C: comparison of pathways, products and kinetics. J Water Process Eng (JWPE) 37:101535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101535
Rodríguez M, Barrera CE (2020) Procesos de oxidación avanzada en el tratamiento de agua, RI UAEMex
Santana CS, Nicodemos Ramos MD, Vieira Velloso CC, Aguiar A (2019) Kinetic evaluation of dye decolorization by Fenton proceses in the presence of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(9):1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091602
Selvaraj V, Swarna Karthika T, Mansiya C, Alagar M (2021) An over review on recently developed techniques, mechanisms and intermediate involved in the advanced azo dye degradation for industrial applications. J Mol Struct 1224:129195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129195
Shuchi SB, Suhan BK, Humayun SB, Haque ME, Islam S (2021) Heat-activated potassium persulfate treatment of Sudan Black B dye: degradation kinetic and thermodynamic studies. J Water Process Eng (JWPE) 39:101690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101690
Wang C, Sun R, Huang R, Cao Y (2021) A novel strategy for enhancing heterogeneous Fenton degradation of dye wastewater using natural pyrite: kinetics and mechanism. Chemosphere 272:129883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129883
Zang H, Li SS, Wei JF, Fu M, Li XX, Ding Q, Bai R (2019) Reduction cooperated fenton oxidation of zero-valent iron (ZVI) immobilized in alginate microsphere for degradation of acid red B. Eur PMC 40(2):708–716. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201807147
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico for the financial support Project TecNM. S. Pinedo-Hernández is grateful to CONACYT for the financial support of this Posdoctoral research scholarship grant 554061. Thanks to Dr. Solache for his valuable contributions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Pinedo-Hernández, S., Diaz-Nava, M.C. Heterogeneous photo-Fenton using sustainable catalysts for the decolorization of red dye 6. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05542-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05542-7