Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. GAPDHs contribute to many non-glycolytic processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, signal transduction cascades, autophagy, and apoptosis in mammalian cells. In plants, GAPDH has been implicated in the response to salt stress, but precisely how its functions in this regard remains unclear. In the present study, we identified an GAPDH gene from the Chenopodiaceae euhalophyte Halostachys caspica (HcGAPDH) as a senescence component of the plant salt stress response. Enhanced expression of HcGAPDH was observed under salt stress and abscisic acid treatment. Green fluorescent protein-tagged HcGAPDH localized to the cytosol of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana cells, and salt stress induced the translocation of HcGAPDH protein into the nucleus, which was different from carbohydrate-mediated feedback signaling. Ectopic expression of HcGAPDH resulted in retarded growth of Arabidopsis plants and suppressed chlorophyll production, and darkness accelerated chlorotic leaf senescence in HcGAPDH-overexpressing lines. Moreover, the transcript levels of senescence-associated genes were markedly increased in transgenic plants compared to WT and atgapdh mutants. Taken together, the data indicate that under salt stress conditions, HcGAPDH translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus and functions in senescence regulation.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- GFP:
-
Green fluorescent protein
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog
- qPCR:
-
Quantitative real-time PCR
- RT-PCR:
-
Reverse transcription-PCR
- WT:
-
Wild-type
- NAD+ :
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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This work was grants to Zhang Fuchun from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30960035) and Zhang Xia from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32060044) .
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XZ and FZ designed the experiments; XZ, JZ, and GT performed experiments; XZ wrote the manuscript with contributions from all participating authors.
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13562_2022_815_MOESM1_ESM.tif
Suppressed GFP-HcGAPDH fluorescence in transgenic Arabidopsis cells under sugar starvation. Seven-day-old transgenic seedlings grown on sterile media plates were treated without (a) or with (b) 3% glucose for 48 h then analyzed for GFP expression under a confocal microscope. GFP, green fluorescence protein; B/W, black and white. Supplementary file1 (TIF 4061 KB)
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Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Tuluhong, G. et al. A nuclear-located glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase affects salt stress response processes in Arabidopsis thaliana as a senescence component. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 33, 24–33 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-022-00815-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-022-00815-z