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Efficient removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution using pyrolyzed oyster shells by Taguchi method

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Abstract

This study presented the pyrolyzed oyster shell (POS) for efficiently removing Cu(II) from aqueous solution. Design of the experiment based on the Taguchi method was implemented to identify the optimum process conditions and explore the influence of process factors (solution temperature, pyrolysis temperature, initial Cu(II) concentration, POS dosage, and reaction time) on copper removal. According to the statistical analysis, pyrolysis temperature was the most effective factor in the Cu(II) removal, and reaction time was the second dominating factor. Optimum Cu(II) removal of 99.82% was acquired at solution temperature 25 ℃, pyrolysis temperature 900 ℃, Cu(II) concentration 100 mg/L, POS dosage 0.2 g, and reaction time 30 min. The Cu(II) adsorption behavior of POS was examined by adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm, which displayed that the pseudo-second order model and the Langmuir isotherm model fitted to experimental data with great accuracy. Moreover, POS at 900 ℃ showed the highest adsorption capacity of 1093 mg/g. SEM–EDS, XRD, TG–DTA, FTIR, and BET techniques were applied to investigate the physicochemical features of virgin POS and used POS. The Cu(II) removal mechanism involved electrostatic interaction, cation exchange, posnjakite forming, and precipitation.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Education Department of Fujian Province (JAT200473) and the Research Climbing Program of Xiamen University of Technology (XPDKT20015).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China

    Zheng Liu, Shujian Wu & Rongmei Mou

  2. Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen, China

    Zheng Liu, Shujian Wu & Rongmei Mou

  3. Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (XMUT), Fujian Province University, Xiamen, China

    Zheng Liu, Shujian Wu & Rongmei Mou

Authors
  1. Zheng Liu
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  2. Shujian Wu
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  3. Rongmei Mou
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Shujian Wu, Zheng Liu, and Rongmei Mou. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Zheng Liu, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zheng Liu.

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Statement of Novelty

Oyster shells (OS) are generally discarded and buried. Their rapid growth is becoming a social, environmental, and health problem. However, there needs to be more work on the detailed evaluations of copper removal by using OS in former reports. In this work, we used the pyrolyzed OS (POS) to remove copper ions from water. Taguchi method was used as a design of experiment to optimize process factors and explore their influence on copper removal. Also, the physicochemical properties of virgin POS and used POS were characterized to investigate the removal mechanism.

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Liu, Z., Wu, S. & Mou, R. Efficient removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution using pyrolyzed oyster shells by Taguchi method. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 1175–1186 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03884-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03884-9

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