Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the existence and specific form of finite order transcendental entire solutions of certain equations including a Fermat-type functional first-order linear difference equation in \(\mathbb {C}^n\), \(n\geqslant 2\) and a kth order partial differential difference equation in \(\mathbb {C}^2\). The paper builds upon the previous works of Xu and Cao (Mediterr J Math 15:1–14, 2018; Mediterr J Math 17:1–4, 2020) and Haldar (Mediterr J Math 20: 50, 2023) whose results are extended and further developed in this study. We exhibit several examples to demonstrate the precision and applicability of our results to illustrate how our findings can be utilized in different scenarios or problem contexts. Towards the end of the paper, in the last section, we discuss some relevant questions that have emerged from one of the examples in the paper which also suggest potential directions for further research.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no database were generated or analyzed during the current study.
References
Cao, T.B., Korhonen, R.J.: A new version of the second main theorem for meromorphic mappings intersecting hyperplanes in several complex variables. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 444(2), 1114–1132 (2016)
Cao, T.B., Xu, L.: Logarithmic difference lemma in several complex variables and partial difference equations. Ann. Math. Pure Appl. 199, 767–794 (2020)
Chen, W., Hu, P.C., Zhang, Y.: On solutions to some non-linear difference and differential equations. J. Korean Math. Soc. 53(4), 835–846 (2016). https://doi.org/10.4134/JKMS.j150296
Chiang, Y.M., Feng, S.J.: On the Nevanlinna characteristic of \(f(z+\eta )\) and difference equations in the complex plane. Ramanujan J. 16, 105–129 (2008)
Garabedian, P.R.: Partial Differential Equations. Wiley, New York (1964)
Gross, F.: On the equation \(f^n(z) + g^n(z) = 1\). Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 72, 86–88 (1966)
Halburd, R.G., Korhonen, R.J.: Difference analogue of the lemma on the logarithmic derivative with applications to difference equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 314, 477–487 (2006)
Halburd, R.G., Korhonen, R.J.: Nevanlinna theory for the difference operator. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math. 31, 463–478 (2006)
G. Haldar, M. B. Ahamed: Entire solutions of several quadratic binomial and trinomial partial differential-difference equations in \(\mathbb{C}^2\). Anal. Math. Phys. 12, 113 (2022). 10.1007/s13324-022-00722-5
Haldar, G.: Solutions of Fermat-type partial differential difference equations in \(\mathbb{C} ^2\). Mediterr. J. Math. 20, 50 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00009-022-02180-6
Hayman, W.K.: Meromorphic Functions. The Clarendon Press, Oxford (1964)
Hu, P.C., Li, P., Yang, C.C.: Advances in Complex Analysis and Its Applications, vol. 1. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2003)
Iyer, G.: On certain functional equations. J. Indian Math. Soc. 3, 312–315 (1939)
Khavinson, D.: A note on entire solutions of the eiconal equation. Am. Math. Mon. 102, 159–161 (1995)
Korhonen, R.J.: A difference Picard theorem for meromorphic functions of several variables. Comput. Methods Funct. Theor. 12(1), 343–361 (2012)
Lelong, P.: Fonctionnelles Analytiques et Fonctions Enti‘eres (n Variables). (Presses de L’Universit’e de Montr’eal, 1968)
Li, B.Q.: On entire solutions of Fermat type partial differential equations. Int. J. Math. 15, 473–485 (2004)
Li, B.Q.: Entire solutions of \((u_{z_1})^m+(u_{z_2})^n=e^g\). Nagoya Math. J. 178, 151–162 (2005)
Li, B.Q.: Entire solutions of eiconal type equations. Arch. Math. 89, 350–357 (2007)
Li, B.Q.: On certain non-linear differential equations in complex domains. Arch. Math. 91, 344–353 (2008)
Liu, K.: Meromorphic functions sharing a set with applications to difference equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 359, 384–393 (2009)
Liu, K., Cao, T.B.: Entire solutions of Fermat type q-difference–differential equations. Electron. J. Diff. Equ. 59, 1–10 (2013)
Liu, K., Dong, X.J.: Fermat type differential and difference equations. Electron. J. Differ. Equ. 159, 1–10 (2015)
Liu, K., Yang, L.Z.: On entire solutions of some differential–difference equations. Comput. Methods Funct. Theor. 13, 433–447 (2013)
Liu, K., Yang, L.Z.: A note on meromorphic solutions of Fermat types equations. Ann. Stiint. Univ. Al. I. Cuza Lasi Mat. (N. S.). 1, 317–325 (2016)
Liu, K., Cao, T.B., Cao, H.Z.: Entire solutions of Fermat type differential–difference equations. Arch. Math. 99, 147–155 (2012)
Lu, F., Li, Z.: Meromorphic solutions of Fermat type partial differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 478(2), 864–873 (2019)
Montel, P.: Lecons sur les Familles de Nomales Fonctions Analytiques et Leurs Applications, pp. 135–136. Gauthier-Viuars, Paris (1927),
P’olya, G.: On an integral function of an integral function. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 1, 12–15 (1926)
Rauch, J.: Partial Differential Equations. Springer, New York (1991)
Ronkin, L. I.: Introduction to the Theory of Entire Functions of Several Variables. Nauka, Moscow (Russian), p. 1974. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1971)
Saleeby, E.G.: Entire and meromorphic solutions of Fermat type partial differential equations. Analysis (Munich) 19, 369–376 (1999)
Saleeby, E.G.: On entire and meromorphic solutions of \(\lambda u^k+\sum _{i=1}^{n}u_{z_i}^m=1\). Complex Var. Theor. Appl. 49, 101–107 (2004)
Saleeby, E.G.: On complex analytic solutions of certain trinomial functional and partial differential equations. Aequat. Math. 85, 553–562 (2013)
Stoll, W.: Holomorphic Functions of Finite Order in Several Complex Variables. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1974)
Tang, J.F., Liao, L.W.: The transcendental meromorphic solutions of a certain type of non-linear differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 334, 517–527 (2007)
Taylor, R., Wiles, A.: Ring-theoretic properties of certain Hecke algebra. Ann. Math. 141, 553–572 (1995)
Wiles, A.: Modular elliptic curves and Fermats last theorem. Ann. Math. 141, 443–551 (1995)
Xu, H. Y., Haldar, G. : Solutions of complex nonlinear functional equations including second order partial differential and difference equations in \(\mathbb{C}^2\). Electron. J. Differ. Equ. 43, 1–18 (2003)
Xu, L., Cao, T.B.: Solutions of complex Fermat-type partial difference and differential-difference equations. Mediterr. J. Math. 15, 1–14 (2018)
Xu, L., Cao, T.B.: Correction to: Solutions of complex Fermat-type partial difference and differential-difference equations. Mediterr. J. Math. 17, 1–4 (2020)
Yang, C.C., Li, P.: On the transcendental solutions of a certain type of non-linear differential equations. Arch. Math. 82, 442–448 (2004)
Yi, H.X., Yang, C.C.: Uniqueness Theory of Meromorphic Functions. Science Press, Beijing (1995)
Zheng, X.M., Xu, X.Y.: Entire solutions of some Fermat type functional equations concerning difference and partial differential in \(\mathbb{C} ^2\). Anal. Math. 48, 199–226 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10476-021-0113-7
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee(s) for the helpful suggestions and comments to improve the clarity and presentation of the paper.
Funding
There is no funding received from any organizations for this research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Haldar, G., Banerjee, A. On entire solutions of Fermat type difference and kth order partial differential difference equations in several complex variables. Afr. Mat. 35, 45 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13370-024-01188-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13370-024-01188-3
Keywords
- Functions of several complex variables
- Entire solutions
- Fermat type
- Partial differential equations
- Nevanlinna theory