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Revealing the Potential of Xylanase from a New Halophilic Microbulbifer sp. CL37 with Paper De-Inking Ability

  • Research Article-Biological Sciences
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Abstract

Paper de-inking is one of the critical processes in pulp and paper industry as it is ecofriendly and energy saving. This process requires microbial enzymes such as xylanases with ability to withstand harsh bioprocess conditions. Microbulbifer is a halophilic genus with ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes that could be applied in the biotechnological industry. So far, none of the xylanases from this genus have been studied, particularly in paper de-inking process. Therefore, in this study, the xylanase of a new halophilic bacterium, Microbulbifer sp. strain CL37, was characterized. Strain CL37 produced maximum amount of xylanase at 14th hour of incubation at 30 °C. The xylanase demonstrated optimal activity at 70 °C and pH 7. The xylanase was stable at wide range of NaCl (0–14%, w/v), in the presence of Al3+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, acetone, chloroform, ethanol, sodium deoxycholate, Triton X-100, Tween 20, 40, 60, and 80, indicating that it is a halotolerant enzyme with high stability in various additives. The xylanase also demonstrated its ability to de-ink paper with considerably high efficiency (159%) as compared to other strains. The valuable characteristics possessed by xylanase of strain CL37 could potentially benefit to de-inking process in paper industry.

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Availability of Data and Material

The 16S rRNA gene (1475 bp) of Microbulbifer sp. strain CL37 is available at GenBank under accession of MK256319.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially sponsored by Industry-International Incentive Grant and Newton Fund Impact Scheme (NFIS) 2020-2021 from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology with project number 02M34 and 536423090 (RADIS cost centre number for NFIS: 4B568), respectively. This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/WAB13/UTM/02/1). This study was also supported by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under the Post-Doctoral Fellowship Scheme for the Project: “Harnessing Sustainable Development Opportunities from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as Food for Black Soldier Fly Larvae”, which granted to Ming Quan Lam. The authors also would like to acknowledge Johor National Parks Corporation for sampling permit (CJB G No. 887005) at Tanjung Piai National Park, Johor. Ming Quan Lam is thankful to Khazanah Watan Postgraduate (PhD) scholarship (scholar ID: 40852) and Post-Doctoral Fellowship Scheme from Yayasan Khazanah and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, respectively. Ming Hui Mah acknowledges National Postgraduate Fund (NPF) from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Funding

This research was financially sponsored by Industry-International Incentive Grant and Newton Fund Impact Scheme (NFIS) 2020–2021 from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology with project number 02M34 and 536423090 (RADIS cost centre number for NFIS: 4B568), respectively. This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/WAB13/UTM/02/1).

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  1. Ming Hui Mah and Ming Quan Lam have contributed this work equally as first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Ming Hui Mah, Ming Quan Lam, Mohd Farizal Kamaroddin, Zaharah Ibrahim, Shafinaz Shahir & Chun Shiong Chong

  2. Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia

    Ming Quan Lam

  3. Johor National Parks Corporation, Kota Iskandar, 79575, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia

    Lili Tokiman

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Contributions

Ming Hui Mah performed the experiment, analysed the data, and drafted the manuscript. Ming Quan Lam designed the experiment, assisted in performing the experiment, drafted the manuscript, and provided the expertise. Lili Tokiman, Mohd Farizal Kamaroddin, Zaharah Ibrahim, and Shafinaz Shahir provided the expertise. Chun Shiong Chong conceived the presented idea, designed the experiment, and provided the expertise. All authors read, edited, and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chun Shiong Chong.

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Mah, M.H., Lam, M.Q., Tokiman, L. et al. Revealing the Potential of Xylanase from a New Halophilic Microbulbifer sp. CL37 with Paper De-Inking Ability. Arab J Sci Eng 47, 6795–6805 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06400-1

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