Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop whose production and quality are severely reduced under adverse environmental stress conditions. The GATA transcription factors belonging to type IV zinc-finger proteins, play a significant role in regulating light morphogenesis, nitrate assimilation, and organ development in plants. However, the functional characteristics of GATA gene family during development and in response to environmental stresses have not yet been investigated in pepper. In this study, a total of 28 pepper GATA (CaGATA) genes were identified. To gain an overview of the CaGATAs, we analyzed their chromosomal distribution, gene structure, conservative domains, cis-elements, phylogeny, and evolutionary relationship. We divided 28 CaGATAs into four groups distributed on 10 chromosomes, and identified 7 paralogs in CaGATA family of pepper and 35 orthologous gene pairs between CaGATAs and Arabidopsis GATAs (AtGATAs). The results of promoter cis-element analysis and the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that CaGATA genes were involved in regulating the plant growth and development and the responses to various abiotic stresses and hormone treatments in pepper. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that most CaGATA genes were preferentially expressed in flower buds, flowers, and leaves. Several CaGATA genes, especially CaGATA14, were significantly regulated under multiple abiotic stresses, and CaGATA21 and CaGATA27 were highly responsive to phytohormone treatments. Taken together, our results lay a foundation for the biological function analysis of GATA gene family in pepper.
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Acknowledgements
Great gratitude goes to linguistics professor Ping Liu from Foreign Language College, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China, for her work on English editing and language polishing.
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This research was funded by National Key R&D Program of China, grant numbers 2016YFE0205500 and 2017YFD0101903; Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, grant number 2019CFB577; and China Agriculture Research System, grant number CARS-23-G28.
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Conceptualization, C.Y. and M.Y.; methodology, C.Y. and N.L.; software, C.Y., N.L. and S.G.; formal analysis, C.Y. and S.G.; writing—original draft preparation, C.Y. and N.L.; investigation, F.W.; resources, C.J. and Y.Y.; data curation, C.Y. and N.L.; writing—review and editing, C.Y., N.L., M.Y., and Y.Y.; project administration, C.J.; funding acquisition, M.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Fig. S1:
The conservative domain analysis of CaGATA genes (PNG 271 kb)
Fig. S2:
Paralogous relationship analysis of CaGATA genes (PNG 416 kb)
Fig. S3:
The number of various cis-elements on the promoters of each CaGATA gene. Promoter sequences (-2000 bp) of 28 CaGATA genes were analyzed (PNG 387 kb)
Fig. S4:
Relative expression levels of CaGATA genes significantly induced by (a) MV, (b) Salt, (c) HT (Heat), (d) Cold, (e) Dr (Drought) (PNG 493 kb)
Fig. S5:
Relative expression levels of CaGATA genes significantly induced by (a) ABA, (b) GA, (c) ET, (d) SA, (e) IAA, (f) JA (PNG 441 kb)
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Yu, C., Li, N., Yin, Y. et al. Genome-wide identification and function characterization of GATA transcription factors during development and in response to abiotic stresses and hormone treatments in pepper. J Appl Genetics 62, 265–280 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-021-00618-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-021-00618-3