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Preparation and evaluation of antibacterial wound dressing based on vancomycin-loaded silk/dialdehyde starch nanoparticles

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Abstract

One of the main reasons infected wounds go untreated is that antibiotic-resistant bacteria mainly cause infection. Vancomycin is an antibiotic used against Gram-positive bacteria, such as MRSA, but it has limited intravenous use due to its toxicity. This study describes using a local drug delivery approach at the wound site. The aim is to prepare a silk dressing containing dialdehyde starch nanoparticles loaded with vancomycin that can cure infection through the controlled release of antibiotics. First, the starch was oxidized by sodium periodate solution and converted to dialdehyde starch. Dialdehyde starch was converted into nanoparticles by the microemulsion method. Simultaneously, with nanoparticle formation, the antibiotic vancomycin (VAN), added to the solution, was loaded into the dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (DASNP). The wound dressing (SF/DASNP/VAN) was prepared by adding nanoparticles containing antibiotics to the silk fibroin (SF) solution, and then, the solution containing the nanoparticles was freeze-dried, and the nanoparticles were placed inside the silk matrix. Drug release of dressings was performed by immersion in phosphate-buffered saline, and cytotoxicity by MTT assay and antibacterial properties of dressings were investigated by the inhibition zone method. The morphology of the SF/DASNP/VAN dressing, its biocompatibility, antibacterial efficiency, and antibiotic release kinetics were assessed. The synthesized dressing has the desired biocompatibility with 69% cell viability and shows antibacterial properties against MRSA with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 12 mm. Also, VAN was successfully incorporated into the dressing, resulting in a 144-h continuous release profile. It may be concluded that the fabricated dressing based on silk and dialdehyde starch nanoparticles opens up a new option for topical administration of antibiotics. We believe its properties can be considered a new dressing for infectious wounds by reducing infection associated with controlled drug delivery.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Qom University of Medical Sciences (MUQ) through research Grant No. IR.MUQ.REC.1397.82.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

    Sajjad Khan Einipour & Alireza Rezapour

  2. Faculty of Textile Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran

    Mehdi Sadrjahani

  3. Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

    Alireza Rezapour

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  1. Sajjad Khan Einipour
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Contributions

S.E wrote the main manuscript. M.S carried out data analysis, validated experiments, and wrote the part of the manuscript. A.R supervised the project, prepared figures, and wrote the part of the manuscript with the insights of all other authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alireza Rezapour.

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Einipour, S.K., Sadrjahani, M. & Rezapour, A. Preparation and evaluation of antibacterial wound dressing based on vancomycin-loaded silk/dialdehyde starch nanoparticles. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 12, 2778–2792 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-022-01139-0

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